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Description: Black Box Tinkering: Beyond Disclosure in Algorithmic Enforcement Maayan Perel niva elkin-koren Netanya Academic College Haifa Center for law technology TILTing perspectives 2017 Regulating a Connected World Presentation Structure Part

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slide1. Black Box Tinkering: Beyond Disclosure in Algorithmic Enforcement Maayan Perel & niva elkin-koren
Netanya Academic College Haifa Center for law & technology TILTing perspectives 2017
Regulating a Connected World<br>
slide2. Presentation Structure Part 1:Algorithmic Enforcement & Accountability Challenges
Part 2: Our Methodology & Benefits: Black Box Tinkering
Part 3: Application & Analysis<br>
slide3. Part 1: Algorithmic Enforcement<br>
slide4. Algorithmic Enforcement by Online Intermediaries<br>
slide5. Algorithmic Enforcement by Online Intermediaries<br>
slide6. Algorithmic Enforcement by Online Intermediaries ALGORITHM MONITORS PLATFORM BASED ON WHAT CRITERIA?<br>
slide7. Algorithmic Enforcement & Oversight: Why? Ubiquitous: algorithmic enforcement is ubiquitous
Privatization of Enforcement
- No Judicial Oversight
- No sufficient checks and balances
3. Critical implications for public discourse and fundamental rights
- Free flow of information
- Free speech
- Fair use
- Competition<br>
slide8. Algorithmic Enforcement & Oversight: How? Algorithms are complex and opaque + machine learning
Algorithms developed by private actors are protected by IP (trade secrets)
Transparency is insufficient
- Unintelligible
Information overflow
Partial/misleading/biased information<br>
slide9. Part 2: Our Methodology - Black Box Tinkering Challenge algorithmic decision-making with real-world content and record response.
Benefits:
Independent data extraction (vr. voluntarily disclosed)
Creating a condensed data-set (vr. too much info)
Dynamic & adjustable research methodology (vr. static)
Proactive: an ongoing check (vr. observational)
Social activism: encourages public participation/interaction<br>
slide10. Part 3: Application Case Study: Algorithmic Copyright Enforcement
Statutory framework: DMCA N&TD
DMCA Plus: beyond N&TD
Blocking, filtering ex ante, monetizing (Content ID)<br>
slide11. Experiment Flowchart Uploading Content
Check: was it uploaded? Blocked? Removed? Yes End No Yes Notice
Check: was It removed Counter Notice
Check: re-loaded? End Yes End No No Re-loading infringing materials
Does the system preserve information?<br>
slide12. Fair Use Consideration? “Little Lenz” (Justin Bieber baby)<br>
slide13. Non infringing video<br>
slide14. Infringing music only Yanni
Song for Antartica<br>
slide15. Infringing Image<br>
slide16. Infringing (w Content ID) House
Season 4 Episode 14<br>
slide17. Infringing (w/out Content ID ) House
Season 4 Episode 13<br>
slide18. Local N&T practices are Chaotic A wide variety of policies
- No single standard
- Pre-screening
- Removal of non-infringing materials
- Removal of fair use materials
- Takedown and stay-down
Low level of “due process”
- No notification
- Low level of ownership verification<br>
slide19. Barriers to Black Box Tinkering Restrictions defined by law
- Uploading infringing content
- Oath Requirement
- Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA): accessing website in a manner that violates the websites terms of use is a crime (Sandvig v. Attorney General)
Restrictions in Terms-of-use<br>
slide20. Solutions? Safe harbor for research purposes
A right to tinker?

Thank you!
maayanfilmar@gmail.com<br>