End of the Cold War – Why did the Cold

Transcript:End of the Cold War – Why did the Cold:
End of the Cold War – Why did the Cold War develop? (Overview ) USA VS USSR Democracy vs Communism Capitalism vs Socialism COLD WAR - Characteristics Political, Strategic and Ideological struggle between the USA and USSR- Spreading through the whole world. Struggle nearly developed into a war Competitive Social and Economical ideologies End of the Second World War: Why did a Cold War develop? Winston Churchill (GB), Franklin Roosevelt (VSA) and Joseph Stalin (USSR) at Yalta for the meeting to discuss the future of post war Germany. Mistrust between the West and the USSR Suspicions and tensions increased During WW2 the USA, USSR and BRTAIN formed a GRAND ALLIANCE –reason to defeat Germany Uneasy Alliance Yalta Conference (1945) Main Purpose: To decide what to do about Germany and the countries controlled by the Germans in Eastern Europe – once the Nazi had been defeated in the war? Agreement: Germany would be divided into 4 zones Zones of Occupation: administered by one of the Big Three Allied Powers Agreed that the countries in Eastern Europe should be allowed to hold free elections The Potsdam conference (July-August 1945) Germany was defeated in May 1945 – between the USSR and the WEST Second conference of Allied leaders held at Potsdam – Potsdam Conference Soviet Army was in control of Eastern Europe Communist government in Poland Roosevelt had died – replaced by Truman (much more anti-communist - suspicious of Stalin) The Potsdam conference (July-August 1945) USA developed and tested the first atomic bomb - Americans did not inform Stalin More mistrust Churchill defeated in a general election – replaced by Attlee (new Labour Prime minister) Suspicion between Stalin and Truman dominated the conference Key Area of disagreement: what to do about Germany Occupation of Germany Germany divided into four zones of occupation Soviet Union would administer the Eastern Zone USA, BRITAIN AND FRANCE would administer the Western zones The city of Berlin would also be divided into four sectors They agreed that Germany remain united and that economically they should work in co-operation with the long term goal of keeping Germany one country The USSR and the USA – the creation of spheres of influence Both superpowers tried to strengthen their control over parts of Europe The USSR in Eastern Europe and the USA in Western Europe The USSR annexed the eastern part of Poland USSR ensured that Soviet-friendly governments came to power