By end of WWII, alliance between G.B., U.S., and U.S.S.R. disintegrating. Cold war = competition for global influence between democracy/capitalism and communism. Led to: alliances (-> “iron curtain”), client states, arms race, diplomatic . ID: 716083
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Cold War
Chapter 36b
Slide2Intro: Cold War
By end of WWII, alliance between G.B., U.S., and U.S.S.R. disintegrating
Cold war = competition for global influence between democracy/capitalism and communism
Led to: alliances (-> “iron curtain”), client states, arms race, diplomatic crises, military conflicts, brink of nuclear war
Slide3Origins of the Cold War
United Nations: supra-national organization to keep world peace and security (1945)
Soviets wanted friendly gov’ts in E. Eur.
Truman doctrine: divided world, “containment: of communism through foreign interventionMarshall Plan: rebuild Europe and support Truman doctrineSoviet response: COMECON to help satellite nations
Slide4Origins of the Cold War (cont.)
Military alliances: NATO = against Soviet aggression, included W. Germany (rearmed) -> Warsaw Pact = collective defense against NATO
Slide5Origins of the Cold War (cont.)
A Divided Germany: Berlin and Germany divided into 4 admin zones
Soviets wanted control of Berlin
Western powers merged zones -> Soviets blockaded W. Berlin -> Berlin Airlift=> 2 states: W. Germany and E. GermanyTo stop refugees from leaving East Berlin, Soviets built Berlin
Wall
over previous fortifications
(
1961)
Slide6The Globalization of the Cold War
China: communists won civil war, nationalists retreat to Taiwan, Mao proclaims People’s Republic of China (1949)
Closely allied with Soviets with U.S. as common enemy (due to anticommunism, aid of Japan, and client states in S. Korea and Taiwan)
Plus, Soviets provided military and economic aid to China
Slide7The Globalization of the Cold War: Korean War (cont.)
End of WWII: Korea partitioned at 38
th
parallel by US and USSRUnable to agree on unification -> 2 states (north: communist, south: democratic) = armed clients1950: north invaded south, US pushed north back and tried to unify, China pushed south back to 38th parallel and
stalemate
1953: ceasefire, but no peace treaty
Slide8Globalization of the Cold War (cont.)
= globalization of containment policy and US aid to non-communist Asian countries
Eisenhower’s domino theory -> more US intervention
China-Soviet alliance began to coolNuclear arms race: “proliferation”, -> MAD capacity => terror, but stability
Slide9Globalization of the Cold War (cont.)
Cuba, 1959: Castro overthrew Batista (US sugar connection)
Castro accepted Soviet aid and declared Marxist-Leninist gov’t
1961: JFK authorized CIA supported invasion of Cuba by anti-Castro Cubans = failed (and US prestige in Latin Am. Dropped)Castro accepted Soviet missiles to deter future attacks1962: nuclear missiles in Cuba -> JFK ultimatum and blockade -> compromise with Krushev to remove missiles in Cuba and Turkey and promise not to invade Cuba
Slide10Dissent, Intervention, and
Rapprochment
Destalinization: removal of influence, less gov’t control, release of political prisoners, and “peaceful coexistence” foreign policy by communist leaders (1956-64)
Hungary and Czechoslovakia tried to weaken ties and liberalize, but Soviets invaded and squashed movementLate 1960s: US/USSR détente = reduction in hostility -> less tension, negotiations, state visits
(
by Nixon)
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