Group therapy M.A. Fourth Semester

Transcript:Group therapy M.A. Fourth Semester:
Group therapy M.A. Fourth Semester Psycho-diagnostics and therapeutics Professor Dhananjay Kumar Department of Psychology D. D. U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur THE EVOLUTION OF GROUP METHODS Many authors agree that the technique of group therapy was first practiced by Joseph Pratt, in early 1900s. he worked out with tuberculosis patients that included home visits and weekly meetings with patients, offering support & encouragement. In 1910, Austrian psychiatrist Jacob Moreno began to use some techniques of the theater, e.g., role playing, to encourage his patients to develop interactions & spontaneity to work setting. Moreno went to united states in 1925, where he introduced the technique of Psychodrama. Moreno is given the credit to coin the term group therapy in 1931. During 1930s, Samuel Slavson, an engineer by training, started his activity- group therapy techniques. CONTI……… Slavson coordinated to develop the American Group Psychotherapy Association in 1943. In 1946, a basic skill training groups ( called “T- groups”) was organized under the direction of Kurt Lewin, a social psychologist. Their aim was to train community leaders to facilitate understanding of & compliance with recently adopted Fair Employment Practices Act. T- group sessions began to be held every summer at Bethel. Encouraged by Lewin’s work, Leland Bradford ( educator), Kenneth Benne (a philosopher), and Roland Lippitt ( a social psychologist) founded the National Training Laboratories (NTL) in 1950. NTL was created towards reeducating people’s attitudes, values, and behaviour through the group process. T- groups shifted towards building self- awareness and improving human relation skill. MODELS OF GROUP THERAPY there are generally two forms of group therapy in which some focus on the individual patients while others focus on group process. On the other hand, there are other methods which are in effect adaptations of individual therapy, in this sense group therapy is essentially multiple- individual therapy. in terms of approaches they will be called : Intrapersonalist Transactionalist( or interpersonalist) Integralist Intrapersonalist- Intrapersonalist therapists work in the psychoanalytic mode where they encourage association, delve into personal histories, and interpret transference reactions. Transactionalist- they tend to focus on interpersonal relationships between subgroups. The interrelationships among patients and the therapist are viewed as having therapeutic potential. they stress the attractiveness of being a group member- as a factor in alternating individual behavior. Most group therapist fall within this broad class. Integralist- They hold the view that a person’s problem may lie in his inability to mesh with