How to Write for Assignments and an Introduction
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01
How to Write for Assignments and an Introduction to Referencing The session will start at 4.30 pm.
Please ensure that your speaker/output settings are correct. These slides can be accessed on our website:
https://qahighereducation.com/the-ace-team/<br>
Please ensure that your speaker/output settings are correct. These slides can be accessed on our website:
https://qahighereducation.com/the-ace-team/<br>
02
Today’s topics Some key aspects of academic style
Principles of referencing The ACE Team 2<br>
Principles of referencing The ACE Team 2<br>
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The ACE Team eapfoundation.com (2013) EAPFOUNDATION.COM …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..<br>
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The ACE Team Academic writing in English has a distinctive style – it is generally formal and uses particular conventions that you need to learn; it can also help you to think more logically and clearly as you work on an assignment. eapfoundation.com (2013)<br>
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Functions of academic style . The ACE Team 5 To communicate subject matter and arguments clearly and effectively
To demonstrate membership of the academic community<br>
To demonstrate membership of the academic community<br>
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Study this paragraph. First impressions? The ACE Team How to make people work harder is a topic that lots of people have written about in the last few years. There are lots of different theories etc and I think some of them are ok. When we think about this we should remember the old Chinese proverb, that you can lead a horse to water but you can’t make it drink. So how do we increase production? It’s quite a complex subject but I’ll just talk about a couple of ideas. 6 Bailey (2015: 138)<br>
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Name the problems with the style of this paragraph The ACE Team How to make people work harder (1) is a topic that lots of people (2) have written about in the last few years (3). There are lots of (4) different theories etc (5) and I think (6) some of them are ok (7). When we think about this (8) we should remember the old Chinese proverb (9), that you can lead a horse to water but you can’t make it drink. So how do we increase production? (10) It’s (11) quite a complex subject but I’ll just talk about a couple of ideas (12).<br>
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Name the problems with the style of this paragraph The ACE Team How to make people work harder (1) is a topic that lots of people (2) have written about in the last few years (3). There are lots of (4) different theories etc (5) and I think (6) some of them are ok (7). When we think about this (8) we should remember the old Chinese proverb (9), that you can lead a horse to water but you can’t make it drink. So how do we increase production? (10) It’s quite a (11) complex subject but I’ll just talk about a couple of ideas (12). Imprecise Colloquial Informal – contracted verbs
Too personal Inappropriate evidence Rhetorical question<br>
Too personal Inappropriate evidence Rhetorical question<br>
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How is this paragraph different from the previous text ? What has made it more suitable in terms of academic style? Motivation has been the subject of numerous studies during recent decades, but this essay will focus on Maslow’s (1943) hierarchy of needs theory and Herzberg’s (1966) two-factor theory. Their contemporary relevance to the need to motivate employees effectively will be examined critically, given that this can be considered crucial to a firm’s survival in the current economic climate.
Bailey (2015: 139) The ACE Team<br>
Bailey (2015: 139) The ACE Team<br>
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Why write in an academic style? The ACE Team<br>
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What are the key characteristics of academic style? The ACE Team Formal
Objective
Precise
Cautious about size of claims made
Concise
Contributes to clear development of ideas
Careful about supporting claims with evidence<br>
Objective
Precise
Cautious about size of claims made
Concise
Contributes to clear development of ideas
Careful about supporting claims with evidence<br>
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Academic Writing Style . The ACE Team 12 1 Avoids informal expression such as
Kids, boss Have a look at, set up ‘You’ meaning ‘people’ in general It’ll, It’s, gonna So why did the project fail? And then … but after that … so …
2 Aims to be precise
In 2014, A further example is … , a beneficial development
rather than A few years ago, And so on.. , etc…, a good thing,
3 Avoids claiming too much by using hedging language such as
Appears / could / may / seems likely that ..
4 Is cautious about personal language
Surprisingly / fortunately I, we
5 Includes citations (referring to others’ work)<br>
Kids, boss Have a look at, set up ‘You’ meaning ‘people’ in general It’ll, It’s, gonna So why did the project fail? And then … but after that … so …
2 Aims to be precise
In 2014, A further example is … , a beneficial development
rather than A few years ago, And so on.. , etc…, a good thing,
3 Avoids claiming too much by using hedging language such as
Appears / could / may / seems likely that ..
4 Is cautious about personal language
Surprisingly / fortunately I, we
5 Includes citations (referring to others’ work)<br>
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Developing your academic style Notice the style in textbooks and articles:
- Is the meaning clear?
- What makes the writing formal?
- What makes it precise?
- What makes it objective?
- How does the writer avoid making generalisations?
Be prepared to draft and re-draft
Make use of ACE resources and tutorials The ACE Team 13<br>
- Is the meaning clear?
- What makes the writing formal?
- What makes it precise?
- What makes it objective?
- How does the writer avoid making generalisations?
Be prepared to draft and re-draft
Make use of ACE resources and tutorials The ACE Team 13<br>
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What is Academic Integrity? Share your ideas in the chat box 1.----------------
2. ---------------
3. ---------------<br>
2. ---------------
3. ---------------<br>
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What is Academic Integrity? Academic Integrity is about being honest and not cheating<br>
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My academic English is not very good. My essay will look better if I copy and paste some sentences from this article I’ve put my sources in the reference list. I don’t think I need in-essay references because I’ve paraphrased I can get a better sentence to put in my writing if I use a thesaurus or translation software. Everypixel.com (2021) Freepik.com(2021) Focussedcollection.com (2021) Is this behaviour acceptable?<br>
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Freepik.com(2021) vecteezy.com (2021) Is this behaviour acceptable? I have to submit my researched essay tomorrow and I have NO TIME to write it! Can I copy yours please? Send it to me and save my life!!!xxx<br>
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Why is referencing necessary? 1.----------------
2. ---------------
3. ---------------<br>
2. ---------------
3. ---------------<br>
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Why is referencing necessary? The ACE Team To give credit where it is due
To demonstrate the required knowledge of academic conventions
To avoid plagiarism and academic misconduct Poor information sources and poor referencing lose marks<br>
To demonstrate the required knowledge of academic conventions
To avoid plagiarism and academic misconduct Poor information sources and poor referencing lose marks<br>
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How is referencing done? The ACE Team Through citations in the body of the text to give credit where it is due and signpost to the source
And
Through a reference list with full details at the end<br>
And
Through a reference list with full details at the end<br>
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Referencing Styles Most commonly used styles
1 Harvard
2 APA
Versions of Harvard and APA
Use your own university partner’s version.<br>
1 Harvard
2 APA
Versions of Harvard and APA
Use your own university partner’s version.<br>
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From looking at these examples, what can you say about in-text citations? 1 Smith (2003) believes that for children play is a tool for learning.
2 According to Smith (2003), play is the means by which children learn.
3 Smith (2003: 62) believes that ‘all children learn through play’.
4 For children, play is a tool for learning (Smith, 2003).<br>
2 According to Smith (2003), play is the means by which children learn.
3 Smith (2003: 62) believes that ‘all children learn through play’.
4 For children, play is a tool for learning (Smith, 2003).<br>
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Reference list: a short example Bailey, S. (2006) Academic Writing. Abingdon: Routledge.
Dalhousie University (2021) Information Management APA. Available at: https://dal.ca.libguides.com/InformationManagement/APA (Accessed: 11 February 2021).
Writer.com (2021) Chicago style citation manual. Available at: https://wr1ter.com/chicago-style-citation-manual (Accessed: 10 February 2021).
What do you observe about this reference list, which uses a version of Harvard?<br>
Dalhousie University (2021) Information Management APA. Available at: https://dal.ca.libguides.com/InformationManagement/APA (Accessed: 11 February 2021).
Writer.com (2021) Chicago style citation manual. Available at: https://wr1ter.com/chicago-style-citation-manual (Accessed: 10 February 2021).
What do you observe about this reference list, which uses a version of Harvard?<br>
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Reference list: a short example Bailey, S. (2006) Academic Writing. Abingdon: Routledge.
Dalhousie University (2021) Information Management APA. Available at: https://dal.ca.libguides.com/InformationManagement/APA (Accessed: 11 February 2021).
Writer.com (2021) Chicago style citation manual. Available at: https://wr1ter.com/chicago-style-citation-manual (Accessed: 10 February 2021).
Alphabetical by author’s surname / organisation’s name
A fixed order for the different pieces of information<br>
Dalhousie University (2021) Information Management APA. Available at: https://dal.ca.libguides.com/InformationManagement/APA (Accessed: 11 February 2021).
Writer.com (2021) Chicago style citation manual. Available at: https://wr1ter.com/chicago-style-citation-manual (Accessed: 10 February 2021).
Alphabetical by author’s surname / organisation’s name
A fixed order for the different pieces of information<br>
25
Items in a reference list entry – the basics 1 A book
Bailey, S. (2006) Academic Writing. Abingdon: Routledge.
Author Year Title Place of publication: Publisher
2 A web-based resource
Dalhousie University (2021) Information Management APA. Available at: https://dal.ca.libguides.com/InformationManagement/APA (Accessed: 11 February 2021).
Author Year Title Location: found here at this time.<br>
Bailey, S. (2006) Academic Writing. Abingdon: Routledge.
Author Year Title Place of publication: Publisher
2 A web-based resource
Dalhousie University (2021) Information Management APA. Available at: https://dal.ca.libguides.com/InformationManagement/APA (Accessed: 11 February 2021).
Author Year Title Location: found here at this time.<br>
26
Top tips for referencing The ACE Team Note down all the information about a source as you go along.
Allow enough time to check your references and their formatting before you hand in your work.
Always use your own institution’s guidance.
If you wish to use software to manage your referencing, please familiarise yourself with your institution’s guidance first – eg any sample reference lists they provide – and use the software they recommend.<br>
Allow enough time to check your references and their formatting before you hand in your work.
Always use your own institution’s guidance.
If you wish to use software to manage your referencing, please familiarise yourself with your institution’s guidance first – eg any sample reference lists they provide – and use the software they recommend.<br>
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Reflection What would you like to remember or think about further from today’s session?
Questions? The ACE Team 27<br>
Questions? The ACE Team 27<br>
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Thank you for attending the How to Write for your Assignment and an Introduction to Referencing workshop today. We would be grateful if you could take 5 minutes to complete our feedback form. Via the URL in the Chat Box
https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=lwcinDfD-EmwhqmiSXn3KJx4-QmcBv9NnNg4SAsynGNUMDRJTEhHQ1RYSVVMQVZCNjhBMlpMNExDTi4u By scanning the QR Code<br>
https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=lwcinDfD-EmwhqmiSXn3KJx4-QmcBv9NnNg4SAsynGNUMDRJTEhHQ1RYSVVMQVZCNjhBMlpMNExDTi4u By scanning the QR Code<br>
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References Bailey, S. (2015) Academic Writing for International Students. 4th edn. Abingdon: Routledge.
EAPFoundation.com (2013) Academic Style. Available at: https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/style/ (Accessed: 17 September 2021).
Everypixel.com (2021) Young female university student studying in classroom. Available at: https://www.everypixel.com/image-12511462096592509559 (Accessed: 11 February 2021).
Focussedcollection.com (2021) Young male university student studying at home. Available at: https://focusedcollection.com/178126322/stock-photo-young-male-university-student-studying.html (Accessed: 11 February 2021).
Freepik.com(2021) University student wearing headphones. Available at: https://www.freepik.com/premium-photo/university-student-wearing-headphones-watching-notebook-computer-studying-online-home_10579844.htm (Accessed: 11 February 2021).
University of Roehampton(2020) University of Roehampton Harvard Referencing Style Guide for Partner Institutions. Available at: https://library.roehampton.ac.uk/ld.php?content_id=32542499 (Accessed: 9 January 2020).
Vecteezy.com (2021) photo. Available at: https://www.vecteezy.com/photo/1225645-two-people-working-on-laptops (Accessed: 10 February 2021).<br>
EAPFoundation.com (2013) Academic Style. Available at: https://www.eapfoundation.com/writing/style/ (Accessed: 17 September 2021).
Everypixel.com (2021) Young female university student studying in classroom. Available at: https://www.everypixel.com/image-12511462096592509559 (Accessed: 11 February 2021).
Focussedcollection.com (2021) Young male university student studying at home. Available at: https://focusedcollection.com/178126322/stock-photo-young-male-university-student-studying.html (Accessed: 11 February 2021).
Freepik.com(2021) University student wearing headphones. Available at: https://www.freepik.com/premium-photo/university-student-wearing-headphones-watching-notebook-computer-studying-online-home_10579844.htm (Accessed: 11 February 2021).
University of Roehampton(2020) University of Roehampton Harvard Referencing Style Guide for Partner Institutions. Available at: https://library.roehampton.ac.uk/ld.php?content_id=32542499 (Accessed: 9 January 2020).
Vecteezy.com (2021) photo. Available at: https://www.vecteezy.com/photo/1225645-two-people-working-on-laptops (Accessed: 10 February 2021).<br>