Lesson-6 REPRODUCTIVE STSTEM BY JITENDER YADAV INSPPH Objectives Describe various female reproductive organs Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Define the reproductive system. 3. Describe various male reproductive organs
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Lesson-6 REPRODUCTIVE STSTEM BY
JITENDER YADAV
INSP/PH<br>
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Objectives Describe various female reproductive organs Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to: Define the reproductive system. 3. Describe various male reproductive organs 4. Describe functions of the male reproductive organs<br>
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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Reproductive system of an organism, also known as genital system, is the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction.<br>
Reproduction in humans is a complex process involving both the sexes, male & female The female reproductive system is concerned with the production of ova (egg) and nurturing the fertilized ovum (zygote) till it is capable of independent existence The reproductive system in humans is concerned with
the procreation of human life and continuation of the
human species The male reproductive system is concerned with production of the spermatozoa & carrying it to the female reproductive organs The spermatozoa from the male unites with the ovum of the female to form the zygote, which develops into a foetus<br>
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EXTERNAL STRUCTURE- I] Labia Majora –
2 large folds of fibrous tissue, covered by skin
Contain sebaceous & sweat glands II] Labia Minora –
2 smaller fold of connective tissue, covered by
skin
Lie within the labia majora<br>
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM III] Clitoris –
Corresponds to the penis in male, but
much smaller (contains erectile tissue)
Attached to the symphysis pubis by a suspensory ligament
Lies between the folds of the labia minora
Consists of 2 cylindrical bodies covered by mucous membrane
Contains nerve endings<br>
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EXTERNAL STRUCTURE- IV] Vestibule –
Almond shaped cavity between the labia
minora
Vagina, urethra & ducts of Vater-gland open
into it V] Hymen –
It is a membrane of connective tissue covered
with mucous membrane
Partly occludes the vaginal opening<br>
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EXTERNAL STRUCTURE- I] Vagina –
It is a fibro-muscular tube
Runs obliquely upwards & backwards at
an angle of 450
Structure –
Outer layer of elastic tissue containing
nerves & blood vessels
Middle layer of muscular tissue
Inner layer of epithelial tissue<br>
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
INTERNAL STRUCTURE- II] Uterus –
Hollow muscular organ
Lies in the pelvic cavity, in front of the
rectum & behind the urinary bladder
In anatomical position of the body, it
lies almost horizontally, resting on the
urinary bladder<br>
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
INTERNAL STRUCTURE- II] Uterus–
About 3” in length, 2” in width & 1” in thickness
Weighs about 42 – 50 gms
Divisions –
Fundus
Body
Cervix (neck)
Structure –
Outer perimetrium
Middle myometrium
Inner endometrium<br>
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
INTERNAL STRUCTURE- II] Uterus–
Functions –
Menstruation – Bleeding from the torn
vessels of the endometrium
Pregnancy – Foetus lies in the uterus
as a parasite
Labour – Rhythmic contractions result
in expulsion of the foetus at term<br>
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
INTERNAL STRUCTURE- III] Fallopian tube –
Situated in the upper part of the broad ligament of the uterus, one on either side
Open into the uterus on one side & free end
above the ovary on the other end
About 10 cms long
Function is to transmit the ova from the ovaries
into the uterus<br>
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
INTERNAL STRUCTURE- IV] Ovaries –
Almond-shaped small glands, on either side of the uterus below the fallopian tubes
Main function is to produce ova (eggs) during the reproductive age of a female
Controlled by the FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)<br>
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DUCTUS DEFERENSE URINARY BLADER SEMINAL VESICLE RECTUM EJACULATORY DUCT SYMPHYSIS PUBIS PROSTATE URETHRA CORPUS CAVERNOSUM CORPUS SPONGIOSUM TESTIS EPIDIDYMIS DUCT OF URETHRAL GLAND BULB OF URETHRA<br>
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EXTERNAL ORGAN- I] Penis –
It is a spongy, tubular organ
Contains a special spongy tissue called
‘Corpus spongiosum’
This tissue is erectile and becomes
turgid when filled with blood
The free end of the penis is covered
by a fold of skin called ‘prepuce’<br>
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EXTERNAL ORGAN- I] Penis –
Sometimes (especially in children), the
prepuce may adhere to itself; this condition is
called ‘Phymosis’ and may require circumcision
(removal of prepuce)
Function is to effect penetration into the vagina
of a female for transmission of spermatozoa<br>
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EXTERNAL ORGAN- II] Urethra –
The urethra passes between the corpus
spongiosum of the penis
Function is to expel urine & to ejaculate semen III] Scrotum –
It is a sack-like structure, which hangs below
the penis
It encloses the testes
It consists of muscular tissue covered by skin<br>
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
EXTERNAL ORGAN- III] Scrotum –
Since sperm production can be affected if the
testes is retained in the abdominal cavity (due
to raised temperature), its function is to hold
the testes outside the abdomen<br>
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
INTERNAL ORGAN- I] Testes (Singular:-Testis) –
2 in number; glandular organs
Oval in shape & located in the scrotum
Contains numerous seminiferous tubules,
in which spermatozoa are produced
In between these tubules, lies the interstitial
tissue which produces the male sex hormones
The seminiferous tubules unite together at the
upper end of the epididymis
Main function is the production of sperms &
male sex hormones<br>
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
INTERNAL ORGAN- II] Epididymis –
The seminiferous tubules from the testes unite at the head of the epididymis
The head continues into the body of the epididymis
The body ends in the ‘Vas deference’
Function is to transmit the spermatozoa<br>
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
INTERNAL ORGAN- V] Prostate –
Chestnut-shaped gland, situated at the base of the urinary-bladder surrounding the proximal part of the urethra
Secretes prostatic fluid, which is part of seminal fluid
Enlargement of the gland, especially in elderly people, is called Prostatic hypertrophy or BEP (benign enlargement of prostate); can cause blockage of urine and require surgical removal<br>
