Nomens and Appellations Module 13 1 Understand the

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Description

Nomens and Appellations Module 13 1 Understand the development of the Nomen entity Differentiate nomen and nomen string Identity RDA elements for describing a nomen Identify relationship elements that relate an RDA entity to a nomen 2

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Nomens and Appellations Module 13 1

Understand the development of the Nomen entity
Differentiate nomen and nomen string
Identity RDA elements for describing a nomen
Identify relationship elements that relate an RDA entity to a nomen 2

Official RDA – Where does it come from? A major revision of RDA, based on
IFLA Library Reference Model (2017) = “LRM” 3

LRM LRM includes a new entity called “nomen”

But it’s actually not so new … 4

Development of nomen: FRBR (1997-2009) In Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records “labels” for entities were conceived of as attributes
Work: Title of the work
Expression: Title of the expression
Manifestation: Title of the manifestation ; Manifestation identifier
Item: Item identifier
Person: Name of person
Corporate body: Name of the corporate body
Concept: Term for the concept
Object: Term for the object
Event: Term for the event
Place: Term for the place 5

Development of nomen: FRAD (2008) Functional Requirements for Authority Data introduced several new entities, including
Name
A character, word, or group of words and/or characters by which an entity is known.
Identifier
A number, code, word, phrase, logo, device, etc., that is associated with an entity, and serves to differentiate that entity from other entities within the domain in which the identifier is assigned.
Controlled access point
A name, term, code, etc., under which a bibliographic or authority record or reference will be found. 6

Development of nomen: FRAD (2008) 7

Development of nomen: FRAD (2008) Attributes of name in FRAD
Type of name
Name string
Scope of usage
Dates of usage
Language of name
Script of name
Transliteration scheme of name 8

Development of nomen: FRAD (2008) New relationship introduced: appellation 9

Development of nomen: FRSAD (2011) Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data introduced a new entity: Nomen

Definition: “Any sign or sequence of signs (alphanumeric, characters, symbols, sound, etc.) that a thema is known by, referred to, or addressed as.”
Thema = “any entity used as a subject of a work”, i.e., any of the FRBR entities.

Nomen was a “superclass” encompassing the three FRAD entities
Name
Identifier
Controlled access point 10

Development of nomen: FRSAD (2011) Attributes of nomen in FRSAD
Type of nomen
Scheme
Reference source of nomen
Representation of nomen
Language of nomen
Script of nomen
Script conversion
Form of nomen
Time of validity of nomen
Audience
Status of nomen 11

Development of nomen: FRSAD (2011) The relationship of nomen to thema (i.e., everything else) = appellation 12

Development of nomen: LRM (2017) Definition: An association between an entity and a designation that refers to it.
The designation is called a nomen string, which is an attribute of the entity nomen.
Any entity must be named through at least one nomen. An entity might be associated with more than one nomen.
More than one nomen can have the same value for a nomen string, but an instance of nomen can only be associated with one instance of any entity.
A nomen string can consist of two or more parts. These parts may be derived from existing nomens. 13

Development of nomen: LRM (2017) Examples of nomen strings

“Heart of darkness” [Latin characters that may refer to a novel by Joseph Conrad]
“黑暗之心” [Chinese characters that may refer to an expression of Heart of darkness]
“Joseph Conrad” [Latin characters that may refer to the author of Heart of darkness]
“Conrad, Joseph” [Latin characters that may refer to the author of Heart of darkness]
“קונראד ג׳וזף” [Hebrew characters that may refer to the same author]
“1857-12-03” [A string of digits that may refer to Conrad’s birth date, a timespan]
“1857-1924” [A string of digits that may refer to Conrad’s life span, a timespan]
“9780008343668” [A string of digits that may refer to a 2019 manifestation of Heart of darkness] 14

Development of nomen: LRM (2017) Identical nomen strings can exist in separate nomen instances, but each instance of a nomen can refer to only one entity.

“Heart of darkness” [Latin characters that may refer to a novel by Joseph Conrad]
“Heart of darkness” [Latin characters that may refer a screenplay by Orson Welles based on the Conrad novel]
“Heart of darkness” [Latin characters that may refer to a 1993 TV movie based on the novel by Joseph Conrad]
“Heart of darkness” [Latin characters that may refer to an opera by Tarik O’Regan]
“Heart of darkness” [Latin characters that may refer to an episode of The Vampire Diaries]
“Heart of darkness” [Latin characters that may refer to a song by The Headstones]
“Heart of darkness” [Latin characters that may refer to a concept in Zoroastrian religion]
“Heart of Darkness” [Latin characters that may refer to a British-bred racehorse] 15

Development of nomen: LRM (2017) Nomen strings can be composed of parts derived from other nomens.

“Conrad, Joseph”[Latin characters that may refer to the author of Heart of darkness]
“1857-1924”[A string of digits that may refer to Conrad’s life span]
“Heart of darkness”[Latin characters that may refer to a novel by Joseph Conrad]
“Conrad, Joseph, 1857-1924”[An alpha-numeric string that refers to the authorized access point for Conrad, derived from two nomens]
“Conrad, Joseph, 1857-1924. Heart of darkness”[An alpha-numeric string that refers to the authorized access point for Conrad’s work, derived from two (or three) nomens] 16

Development of nomen: LRM (2017) Attributes of nomen in LRM
Category
Nomen string
Scheme
Intended audience
Context of use
Reference source
Language
Script
Script conversion 17

Development of nomen: LRM (2017) Relationship models

LRM

Compare FRSAD 18

Nomen in RDA Definition: A label for any RDA entity except a nomen. A nomen includes a name, title, access point, or identifier.

Compare LRM: An association between an entity and a designation that refers to it.

RDA de-emphasizes “association”—nomen is an entity, not a relationship, but that entity has associations (i.e., relationships) with all other RDA entities. 19

Nomen in RDA In linked data, a nomen entity is a reification of a generic metadata statement:

RDA Entity – has appellation of RDA Entity – “nomen string”

As an entity, a nomen can have attributes and relationships with other RDA entities.

As an implicit metadata statement, data provenance can be assigned to a nomen directly. 20

Nomen in RDA Any entity referred to in an RDA context is named through at least one nomen.
A description of a nomen contains (as an element) a nomen string, which consists of a combination of signs and symbols in a particular order.
Variations in the symbols used or their order results in a new nomen string and this usually results in a different nomen.
However, variations in the visual representation of the string (e.g., different fonts or sizes of characters) does not result in a different nomen. 21

Nomen in RDA: Attribute elements Attribute elements for nomen
category of nomen
context of use
intended audience of nomen
language of nomen
nomen string
note on nomen
scheme of nomen
script of nomen
status of identification
undifferentiated name indicator 22

Nomen in RDA: Attribute elements category of nomen
A type to which a nomen belongs.

Examples:
Personal name
Common name (e.g., “Joseph Conrad”)
Browse name (e.g., “Conrad, Joseph”)
Work title
Spine title
Identifier
Controlled access point
Pseudonym
Married name
Preferred name
Variant name
Nickname
Stage name 23

Metadata description sets:category of nomen Nomen
has nomen string Lewis Carroll
has category of nomen Common name ; Pseudonym ; Preferred name 24 Nomen
has nomen string Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge
has category of nomen Browse name

Nomen in RDA: Attribute elements context of use
The circumstances or situation in which a nomen is used.

Examples:
Literary works
Mathematical works
Detective novels
Critical works 25

Metadata description sets:context of use Nomen
has nomen string Lewis Carroll
has category of nomen Common name ; Pseudonym ; Preferred name
has context of use Literary works ; Works for children ; Humorous works 26 Nomen
has nomen string Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
has category of nomen Common name ; Preferred name
has context of use Mathematical works

Nomen in RDA: Attribute elements intended audience of nomen
A class of users for which a nomen is intended.

Examples
Chinese speakers
Children 27

Metadata description sets:intended audience of nomen Nomen
has nomen string קונראד ג׳וזף
has category of nomen Common name
has intended audience of nomen Hebrew speakers 28 Nomen
has nomen string Mister Rogers
has category of nomen Common name
has intended audience of nomen Children

Nomen in RDA: Attribute elements language of nomen
A language of a nomen.
Examples
http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-1/hi [URI for Hindi in id.loc.gov]
Hindi [natural language form of the language]
hin [MARC code for Hindi]

script of nomen
A set of characters or symbols with which a nomen is formed.
Examples
Tibetan
Cyrillic
Latin 29

Metadata description sets: language and script of nomen Nomen
has nomen string קונראד ג׳וזף
has category of nomen Common name
has language of nomen heb
has script of nomen Hebrew 30 Nomen
has nomen string Война и мир
has category of nomen Variant title
has language of nomen rus
has script of nomen Cyrillic Nomen
has nomen string Voĭna i mir
has category of nomen Preferred title
has language of nomen rus
has script of nomen Latin

Nomen in RDA: Attribute elements scheme of nomen
A scheme in which a nomen is established.

Examples
AACR2
RDA
ISO 8601
Extended date and time format 31

Metadata description sets:scheme of nomen Nomen
has nomen string 2023-08-01
has category of nomen Date ; Authorized access point
has scheme of nomen EDTF 32 Nomen
has nomen string Voĭna i mir
has category of nomen Preferred title
has scheme of nomen RDA Nomen
has nomen string Mister Rogers
has category of nomen Common name
has scheme of nomen RDA

Nomen in RDA: Relationship elements Relationships to nomen (selection)
appellation of … [relationship to any RDA entity]
assigned by … [relationship to any agent]
date of usage
derivation of
part of nomen 33

Nomen in RDA: Relationships 34

Metadata description sets: Relationshipsassigned by ; date of usage Nomen
has nomen string Konrant, Tzozeph, 1857-1924
has category of nomen Variant access point
is assigned by agent Princeton University Library
[Nomen to Agent relationship] 35 Nomen
has nomen string Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
has category of nomen Preferred name
has date of usage [1968..]
[Nomen to Timespan relationship]

Appellations Relationship elements that link a nomen to an entity identified by its nomen string are called appellation elements in RDA. The names of the broadest of these elements are formed “appellation of [entity]”
Narrower elements: 36 access point for [entity]
authorized access point for [entity]
identifier for [entity]
name of [entity]
preferred name of [entity]
preferred title of [entity]
title of [entity]
variant access point for [entity]
variant name of [entity]
variant title of [entity]

Appellation Relationship 37

Metadata Description Set Example Work
has preferred title of work The wizard of Oz
has category of work Fantasy films ; Action and adventure films ; Musical films ; Fiction films
has date of work 1939
has variant title of work El mago de Oz
has variant title of work Ο μάγος του Οζ
has variant title of work Ho magos tou Oz
has authorized access point for work Wizard of Oz (Motion picture : 1939)
has variant access point for work Mago de Oz (Motion picture : 1939)
has variant access point for work Μάγος του Οζ (Motion picture : 1939)
has variant access point for work Magos tou Oz (Motion picture : 1939) 38 Appellation elements

Metadata Description Set Cluster Example 39 Work
“The Wizard of Oz”
has category of work Fantasy films ; Action and adventure films ; Musical films ; Fiction films Nomen
has nomen string The wizard of Oz
has category of nomen Preferred title
has language of nomen English
has script of nomen Latin has preferred title of work Nomen
has nomen string El mago de Oz
has category of nomen Variant title
has language of nomen Spanish
has script of nomen Latin Nomen
has nomen string Ο μάγος του Οζ
has category of nomen Variant title
has language of nomen Greek
has script of nomen Greek Nomen
has nomen string Ho magos tou Oz
has category of nomen Variant title
has language of nomen Greek
has script of nomen Latin has variant title of work Nomen
has nomen string Wizard of Oz (Motion picture : 1939)
has category of nomen Authorized access point
has language of nomen English
has script of nomen Latin has authorized access point for work Nomen
has nomen string 1939
has category of nomen Date ; Authorized access point
has scheme of nomen EDTF Timespan
“1939” has date of work has authorized access point for timespan is part of nomen is derivation of has variant title of work has variant title of work

Metadata Description Set Example Person
has preferred name of person Judy Garland
has date of birth 1922-06-10
has date of death 1969-06-22
has variant name of person Frances Ethel Gumm
has authorized access point for person Garland, Judy
has variant access point for person Gumm, Frances Ethel 40 Appellation elements

Metadata Description SetCluster Example 41 Person
“Judy Garland” Nomen
has nomen string Judy Garland
has category of nomen Preferred name ; Stage name
has language of nomen English
has script of nomen Latin
has context of use Motion pictures ; Acting has preferred name of person Nomen
has nomen string Frances Ethel Gumm
has category of nomen Variant name ; Birth name
has language of nomen English
has script of nomen Latin Nomen
has nomen string Garland, Judy
has category of nomen Authorized access point for person
has language of nomen English
has script of nomen Latin Nomen
has nomen string Gumm, Frances Ethel
has category of nomen Variant access point for person
has language of nomen English
has script of nomen Latin has variant name of person has authorized access point for person Nomen
has nomen string 1922-06-10
has category of nomen Date ; Authorized access point
has scheme of nomen EDTF Timespan
“1922-06-10” has date of birth has authorized access point for timespan has date of death Timespan
“1969-06-22” Nomen
has nomen string 1969-06-22
has category of nomen Date ; Authorized access point
has scheme of nomen EDTF has authorized access point for timespan has variant access point for person Timespan
“1935-1969” has date of usage is derivation of is derivation of

Why is RDA doing this? Theoretical model calls for it
Labels, such as names, titles, and terms, have attributes that need to be recorded

Allows for better precision
Using the nomen entity we can:
Create customized displays based on audience
Prefer the display and indexing of nomens meant for children
Prefer the display and indexing of nomens in a particular script (Cyrillic, Chinese, etc.)
Isolate nomens by attributes, such as dates of usage or context 42

How do I do it? A common instruction in RDA under “Recording” is 43

How do I do it? We can implement recording values as nomen strings.
We have seen on a previous slide that the nomen string associated with the preferred name of the star of The Wizard of Oz is “Judy Garland”.
This can easily be recorded, both in MARC and in BIBFRAME, or any other current implementation of RDA.
However, there is no mechanism yet for recording “an instance of a Nomen”, either in MARC or BIBFRAME, so there is no way, yet, to fully describe a nomen (for example, record attributes such as “category of nomen” or relationships such as “related timespan of nomen”) 44

How do I do it? Full implementation of the nomen entity will require major changes to our communications and exchange standards such as MARC 21 and developing standards such as BIBFRAME.
Could we create a record describing an instance of nomen in MARC?
It would require a new 1XX authority field (for the nomen string) and new fields to accommodate the other nomen elements.
MARC Advisory Committee could allow partial implementation by authorizing subfield codes where certain aspects of the appellation elements could be recorded. 45

Possible partial MARC implementation Record nomen elements as a suppressed/non-indexed part of access points in authority records:

100 1_ Garland, Judy $% stage name $^ motion pictures $* 1935-1969
400 1_ Gumm, Frances Ethel $% birth name $* 1922-1935
***
430 _0 Μάγος του Οζ (Motion picture : 1939) $@ Greek $# Greek
430 _0 Magos tou Oz (Motion picture : 1939) $@ Latin $# Greek

$% = category of nomen
$^ = context of use
$* = date of usage
$@ = script of nomen
$# = language of nomen 46

Full MARC Implementation New 1XX authority field for nomen string
New 3XX or other fields for nomen descriptive elements
category of nomen (rename 368 beyond person or corporate body?, new subfield?)
context of use (new)
intended audience of nomen (385?)
language of nomen (377?)
note on nomen (667?)
reference source (670?)
scheme of nomen (040 subfield $e?)
script of nomen (expand 348?)
status of identification (008/33?)
undifferentiated name indicator (expand 008/32?)
Ability to link to other entities, including related nomens, WEMI, agents, timespan, place 47

Nomen is a new entity in official RDA. It is a refinement of the Nomen entity in IFLA LRM, which has foundations in FRBR, FRAD, and FRSAD.

A nomen is a label (e.g., a name, title, access point, or identifier) for any RDA entity except a nomen. An RDA entity (except a nomen) must be named through one or more nomens. 48

A description of a nomen contains a nomen string, which is the combination of signs that forms an appellation used to refer to an entity. Additional elements may be included to provide the context of use, intended audience, language, script, etc. of the nomen. A relationship to the RDA entity of which the nomen is an appellation is also included.

In practice, we will likely not create descriptions for the nomen entity and may only record the nomen string in MARC bibliographic or authority records; however, understanding the nomen entity and its modeling will help with understanding the instructions in the RDA Toolkit. 49

Nomens and Appellations Module 13 1 Understand the

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