Safety Culture in United States Daved van Stralen,

Transcript:Safety Culture in United States Daved van Stralen,:
Safety Culture in United States Daved van Stralen, MD, FAAP Institute for High Reliability Organizing Loma Linda University School of Medicine vanstralen@stratrel.com Safety Culture: A different safety The origins of safety management- nuclear power Catastrophic failure of a nuclear power plant led to introduction of the term Safety Culture Nuclear radiation threat recognized (1945-1950) Energy is invisible Damage is delayed Disease is untreatable Needed a different kind of protection By 1954 only one state had a law, but it was a beginning Safety Culture: A different safety The origins of safety management- US Nuclear Navy Adm. Rickover reduced nuclear power generation- contained & small space Realized the slightest incident would end the nuclear propulsion program He did not call it a culture, but it became one Focus on attitudes Used by USN and Rickover to achieve safety Adaptable to situation Modulate fear responses Socially- increases ability to deal with danger Attitudes are modeled This makes it difficult as leaders must have the same attitudes Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Safety culture The term ‘Safety culture’ first used, International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group (1988) ‘Summary Report on the Post-Accident Review Meeting on the Chernobyl Accident’ "That assembly of characteristics and attitudes in organizations and individuals which establishes that, as an overriding priority, nuclear plant safety issues receive the attention warranted by their significance.” Filled gap in safety management between technology & human error Culture Environment Hazard, Threat Behaviors Create meaning and awareness Engagement, Collaboration Beliefs Beliefs, Values, Attitudes Attitudes- influence, but not predictive of, behavior, Artifact/technology Cell phones Automated driving Culture Behaviors and norms In a safety culture- directed toward engagement and collaboration You can watch the safety of other people better than you can watch your own Allows you to focus on the problem, observe your colleagues Not worry about your own safety Makes possible entry into a hostile environment Culture Beliefs, attitudes, values Embody a culture Each problem a safety culture encounters is the same, only different No standard or general situation for reliable plans with sufficient detail Attitudes become important initiators of behavior Attitudes do not predict behavior to same level as beliefs, values Attitudes do influence behavior Culture Attitudes Military and public safety services internalize specific attitudes necessary for the adverse or hostile environment Civilian sector has a greater difficulty Less control over initial training To some, attitude change appears as brainwashing- it is not Culture Social knowledge-