Week 10 1 Hydrogen Symbol H Atomic Number 1 Combines with oxygen to form water 2 helium Symbol He Atomic number 2 Was used to make the first gas lasers 3 lithium Symbol Li ID: 1031421
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1. Physical Science VocabularyWeek 10
2. 1) HydrogenSymbol – HAtomic Number – 1Combines with oxygen to form water
3. 2) heliumSymbol – HeAtomic number – 2Was used to make the first gas lasers
4. 3) lithiumSymbol – LiAtomic number – 3Used to make small batteries for cameras, calculators and pacemakers
5. 4) berylliumSymbol – BeAtomic number – 4Found naturally in gems; gives emeralds their color
6. 5) boronSymbol – BAtomic number – 5Used to make heat resistant glass like Pyrex.
7. 6) carbonSymbol – CAtomic number – 6Makes diamonds
8. 7) NitrogenSymbol – NAtomic number – 7Makes up 78% of air.
9. 8) oxygenSymbol – OAtomic number – 8Used as liquid rocket fuel.
10. 9) fluorineSymbol – FAtomic number – 9Used in spray cans.
11. 10) neonSymbol – NeAtomic number – 10Used in lights because it glows orange or red
12. 1) sodiumSymbol – NaAtomic Number – 11Sodium is used to transfer heat out of nuclear reactors.
13. 2) MagnesiumSymbol – MgAtomic Number – 12Magnesium is used in fireworks and flares because it gives off a bright white light when it burns.
14. 3) aluminumSymbol – AlAtomic Number – 13Aluminum is used in airplane wings.
15. 4) SiliconSymbol – SiAtomic Number – 14Silicon makes up flint, which Native Americans used for tools and weapons.
16. 5) PhosphorusSymbol – PAtomic number - 15Phosphorus is used to make things glow.
17. 6) SulfurSymbol – SAtomic Number – 16Sulfur is used in gunpowder.
18. 7) ChlorineSymbol – ClAtomic Number – 17Chlorine was used in World War I as a poison gas.
19. 8) ArgonSymbol – ArAtomic Number – 18Argon is the gas used to fill light bulbs and fluorescent bulbs.
20. 9) PotassiumSymbol – KAtomic Number – 19Potassium is used to make explosives.
21. 10) CalciumSymbol – CaAtomic Number – 20Calcium is a major component in marble.
22. VocabularyWeek 12
23. 1) Pure substanceMade from one type of atom or one type of molecule only
24. 2) compoundMade of more than one type of atom bonded together; pure
25. 3) mixtureTwo or more elements or compounds combined physically; not pure
26. 4) IronAtomic Number – 26Symbol – FeIron is used to make magnets.
27. 5) NickelAtomic Number – 28Symbol – NiNickel only makes up 25% of a nickel.
28. 6) CopperAtomic Number – 29Symbol – CuPennies are only coated in copper.
29. 7) SilverAtomic number – 47Symbol – AgSilver compounds are used to ‘seed’ clouds and make rain.
30. 8) GoldAtomic number – 79Symbol – AuGold, silver and copper are all in the same group, 11.
31. VocabularyWeek 11
32. 9) MercuryAtomic number – 80Symbol – HgMercury is the only metal that is a liquid at room temperature.
33. 10) LeadAtomic number – 82Symbol – PbOxides of lead are used to make crystal.
34. VocabularyWeek 13
35. 1) Covalent BondA chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms.
36. 2) Ionic bondA chemical bond between two ions with opposite charges, characteristic of salts. Also called electrovalent bond.
37. 3) valence electronAn electron in an outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms.
38. 4) chemical bondAny of several forces, especially the ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond, by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal.
39. 5) chemical reactiona process that involves changes in the structure and energy content of atoms, molecules, or ions
40. 6) chemical formulaa representation of a substance using symbols for its elements parts
41. 7) chemical equationa representation of a chemical reaction using symbols of the elements to indicate the amount of substance of each reactant and product
42. 8) reactantA substance participating in a chemical reaction, especially a directly reacting substance present at the initiation of the reaction.
43. 9) productA substance resulting from a chemical reaction.
44. 10) law of conservation of massa fundamental principle of physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed
45. VocabularyWeek 14
46. 1) elementPure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by any ordinary chemical means
47. 2) compoundA pure substance that forms when two or more elements join chemically
48. 3) mixtureA type of matter that forms when two or more substance combine without joining together chemically
49. 4) Heterogeneous mixtureA combination of substances in which different components are easily observed
50. 5) Homogeneous mixtureA combination of substances in which the appearance and properties are the same throughout
51. 6) coefficientA number written before a chemical formula which shows how many molecules of a compound are present
52. 7) subscriptA small number written to the right and slightly below a chemical symbol to tell the number of atoms of that element in the substance
53. 8) Physical ChangeAltering the physical properties of a substance without changing the identity of the substance
54. 9) Chemical changeOccurs when a substance is changed into a new substance with different properties
55. 10) Atomic massThe number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
56. VocabularyWeek 15
57. 1) energyThe ability to do work or cause changes to occur
58. 2) workApplication of a force to an object to move it a certain distance in the direction of the force
59. 3) Mechanical energyThe energy associated with the motion of an object
60. 4) Thermal energyTotal amount of energy in all of the particle contained in a sample of matter
61. 5) heatThe transfer of thermal energy between two objects at different temperatures
62. 6) Chemical energyThe energy that is stored in chemical bonds
63. 7) Electrical energyThe energy that results from the flow of moving charges
64. 8) Electromagnetic energyEnergy resulting from the motion of the charged particles within atoms
65. 9) Sound energyEnergy given off by a vibrating object
66. 10) Nuclear energyThe energy stored in the nucleus of an atom as a result of strong nuclear forces
67. VocabularyWeek 16
68. 1) Kinetic energyEnergy resulting from the motion of an object
69. 2) Potential energyStored energy
70. 3) Law of conservation of energyStates that while energy may be changed from one form to another, energy is neither created nor destroyed
71. 4) frictionA force that opposes the motion of an object
72. 5) Scientific questionA precise question that can be answered through observation, measurement, testing or analysis
73. 6) Scientific methodA series of organized steps that guide the investigative process
74. 7) hypothesisA possible answer to a scientific question
75. 8) experimentA procedure designed to test a hypothesis
76. 9) variableAny factor that can affect the results of an experiment
77. 10) Control GroupExperimental setup that represents the norm and shows what would happen in the absence of any changes regarding the independent variable.