SR DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY JNMCH AMU ALIGARH PELVIC CAVITY Area bw inlet amp outlet of pelvis Pelvic diaphragm Main pelvic cavity above perineum below PERINEUM Pelvic diaphragm Perineum below ID: 914649
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Slide1
ANAL CANAL
DR NOOR US SABA
SR, DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY
JNMCH, AMU, ALIGARH
Slide2PELVIC CAVITY
Area b/w inlet & outlet of pelvis
Pelvic diaphragm
Main pelvic cavity (above)perineum (below)
Slide3PERINEUM
Pelvic diaphragm
Perineum (below)
Formed by
levator ani, & coccygeus M
Slide4Boundaries
Post
- tip of coccyx,
Side
- ischial tuberosity & sacrotuberous ligament, Ant
- imaginary line
Slide5ANAL CANAL
Location & description
Length- 1.5” (4cm)
Between- rectal ampulla & anus
RelationsPost- anococcygeal bodyLat- ischiorectal fossa (fat)
Ant-
perineal body,
urogenitaldiaphragm
ANAL CANAL STRUCTURE
Upper half
Columnar epithelium
Anal columns, anal valves
Nerves- inf hypogastric plexus
Vessels
- sup rectal A, sup rectal V
Lymphatic drainage-
pararectal, inf mesenteric nodes
Slide7ANAL CANAL STRUCTURE
Lower half
Str
squamous epithelium
Nerves- inf rectal N (somatic)Vessels- inf rectal A, &
inf
rectal V
Lymphatic drainage-
superficial inguinal LNUPPER HALF AND LOWER HALF OF ANAL CANAL JOINS AT THE
PECTINATE LINE (DENTATE LINE)
Slide8ANAL SPHINCTERS
INVOLUNTARY
(internal)
VOLUNTARY (external)Internal anal sphincter-
thickened smooth MExternal anal sphincter- Subcutaneous partSuperficial part- attached to bone
Deep part
Slide9ANAL CANAL
Slide10CLINICAL APPLICATION
Digital Rectal
E
xamination
Anorectal ringjunction of rectum and anal canalFormed by- puborectalis
, internal sphincter & deep part of
extsphincter
Anteriorly
- post surface of bladder (vagina & cervix in females), prostate, perineal body
Posteriorly- sacrum, coccyx, anococcygeal bodyLaterally- ischiorectal fossa, ischial spine
Slide11CLINICAL…
Porto-systemic anastomosis
Internal hemorrhoids (piles)
External hemorrhoids
Perianal hematomaAnal fissure
Perianal abscess, anal fistula, anal sinus
Anorectal foreign body
Nerve block (perianal skin)
Rectal prolapse, incontinence
Carcinoma