AP Biochemistry Plasma Proteins Synthesized by liver or produced by plasma B cells Albumin Transferrin Ceruloplasmin Enzymes Coagulation enzymes complement factors Creactive protein ID: 910432
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Slide1
Plasma Proteins
Dr.
Nasim
AP Biochemistry
Slide2Plasma Proteins
Synthesized by liver or produced by plasma (B) cells
Albumin
TransferrinCeruloplasminEnzymes – Coagulation enzymes, complement factorsC-reactive protein – Acute phase reactantImmunoglobulins – Humoral immunity
Transport proteins
Slide366 kDa
ALBUMIN
Accounts for ~50% of the total plasma protein and ~ 50%
of the total liver protein production
Half-life ~ 20 days
Highly polar
At pH 7.4 it is anionic with 20 negative charges per molecule
Slide4Causes of Decreased Plasma Albumin:
Decreased synthesis
A. Malnutrition
B. Malabsorption C. Advanced chronic liver diseaseII. Abnormal distribution or dilution A. Overhydration B. Increased capillary permeability like in septicemiaAbnormal excretion or degradation A. Nephrotic syndrome B. Burns
C. Hemorrhage D. Certain catabolic states E. Loss of protein from the digestive tractRare congenital defects A. Hypoalbuminemia
Slide5Regulation of Colloidal Pressure
Gaw: Clinical Biochemistry; Churchill Livingstone (1999), p. 44.
Slide6Plasma Proteins
Globulins
36% of plasma proteinsalpha and beta produced in liverproteins that bind to lipids, metal ions and fat-soluble vitaminsgamma - antibodies produced by plasma cells during immune responseFibrinogen4% of plasma proteinsproduced in liver
forms fibrin threads during clotting
Slide7TRANSFERRIN
Transports iron in plasma as ferric ions (Fe
3+
) – each Transferrin molecule binds 2 Fe3+ Protects the body against the toxic effects of free ironNormally 30% saturated with Fe3+ - increased or decreased saturation is indicative of iron overload or deficiency, respectively
Decreased in inflammatory states due to excessive degradation of Transferrin- Fe3+ complexes
Slide8CERULOPLASMIN
Major copper transport protein
Regulates oxidation-reduction, transport and utilization of iron Increased concentrations are found in active liver disease or tissue damage
Decreases are sometimes observed in individuals with Wilson’s disease
Slide9Plasma Proteins Functions
1. Maintaining colloid osmotic balance (
albumins) 2. Buffering pH changes3. Transport of materials through blood (such as water insoluble hormones)4. Antibodies (e.g. gamma globulins, Immunoglobulins)5. Clotting factors (e.g. fibrinogen)