High N Rates for 4Bale C otton N Sidedress Source Mehlich 1 vs Mehlich 3 K Rate on new varieties Foliar K Sources Sulfur source rate and timing Elemental sulfurbased fertilizers with micronutrients ID: 756662
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Slide1
2016 Cotton Soil Fertility Studies
High N Rates (for 4-Bale
C
otton)
N
Sidedress
Source
Mehlich
1 vs
Mehlich
3
K Rate on “new” varieties
Foliar K Sources
Sulfur source, rate and timing
Elemental sulfur-based fertilizers (with micronutrients)
“Organic” Sulfur
N & K Rate + Foliar – On-Farm (Bulloch County)Slide2
Fertilization Section in Cotton Production Guide
Lime
P&K
N
S
B
Mn&Zn
Petiole & Tissue Testing
Foliar
Starters
Poultry Litter
By-ProductsSlide3
Methods of Measuring Soil pH
Active
Water (“1:1”) – Most Private Labs
Weak Salt (e.g. 0.01 M CaCl
2
) - UGA
Concentrated Salt (e.g. 1 M
KCl
)
Exchangeable
Adams/Evans Buffer – Most Private Labs
Lime Buffering Capacity (LBC - UGASlide4
Active and Exchangeable AciditySlide5
What To Look For in a Liming Material
Calcium Carbonate Equivalency (CCE)
Ca and Mg Content
Moisture
Particle Size
Price
AvailabilitySlide6
Georgia Lime Law
CCE
Particle Size
Regular vs. “Fine” Lime
Mg Content for Dolomitic
Moisture
Label Requirements
By-Products
http://www.state.ga.us/rulesSlide7
By-Product Strategy
What Is It ?
Raw materials, Process
Is It Safe ?
Pathogens, Heavy metals
Does It Have Value ?
Fertilizer, Lime, Soil Amendment
How Much Does It Cost ?
Compared to AlternativesSlide8
Heavy Metals
High atomic weight, similar health effects
EPA 503 “Sludge Rule” Max Conc (ppm)
1 Arsenic (As) 41
2 Cadmium (Cd) 39
3 Chromium (Cr) No limit
4 Copper (Cu) 1500
5 Lead (Pb) 300
6 Mercury (Hg) 17
7 Molybdenum (Mo) 75
8 Nickel (Ni) 420
9 Selenium (Se) 100
10 Zinc (Zn) 2800Slide9
Fertilizer…. Or Snake Oil ?
Glen Harris - Extension Agronomist
University Of Georgia - TiftonSlide10
Sea Chem
….Sea Salt
Google – Aquarium Supplies….Aquarium Plants ?
Potassium for (House) Plants ?
Contains:
Ascophyllum
nodosum
Sea kelp
Amino acids
Carbohydrates Growth HormonesFrom Australia ??Slide11
Essential Plant Nutrients
Non-Mineral
Primary (or Macro)
Secondary
Micronutrient
Carbon (C)
Nitrogen (N)
Calcium (
Ca
)
Boron (B)
Hydrogen (H)
Phosphorous (P)
Magnesium (Mg)
Manganese (Mn)
Oxygen (O)
Potassium (K)
Sulfur (S)
Zinc (Zn)
Copper (Cu)
Iron (Fe)
Molybdenum (Mo)
Chlorine (Cl)Slide12
If It Quacks Like a Duck...
Snake Oil
Cure-all
Nostrum -- patent medicine with “exaggerated claims”
Miracle Products
Fu
Fu
Dust, etc.
Yield EnhancersSlide13
From The Snake Oil Salesman’s Handbook
No Background In Ag
Armed with Literature, Websites,
etc
Give the Product a Really Cool Name
Have Plenty of Farmer Testimonials
Own A Copy of “Dead Doctors Don’t Lie”
No Replicated Data
Convince “High-Yield Joe” To Use
Offer to Put It on Half a Pivot
Tell Them it Makes the Roots
B
iggerSlide14
Good in Theory...
But Does It Work In The Field ?
“Pure” Snake Oil
Has Some
E
ssential Nutrients (Better?)
Snake Oil Rate ex. Forages, B
Snake Oil “Wannabes” (ex. Urease Inhibitors)Slide15
Future Foliar EE Fertilizers?
(ex. “KAFE”)Slide16
What’s In It ?
Growth Regulators
Stimulants
Promoters
Triggers
Microbes
(“Bugs in a Jug”)
+ Nutrients ! Slide17
“Bugs In A Jug”
Study Sunbelt Expo - 2000
Lint Yield (
lb
/a)Slide18
Sea Salt
Seaweed (micronutrients?)
Humates
Biologicals (“Bugs in a Jug”)
Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers (Slow release, Inhibitors etc.)
Miscellaneous – Titanium, Nanoparticles etc.
General CategoriesSlide19
Nutrients
+
Plant Hormones
Oligosaccharins
Plant ElicitorSlide20Slide21Slide22Slide23Slide24
Products Tested on Cotton in 2011
Agrotain
Nutrisphere
Nstay
(and
StayN
)
Nzone
Agrinos
Locomotive
ReinforceK
Soil Set
Grain Set
Sysstem
KDL
Sysstem
Mn
Wood Ash
Monty’s Joy
Juice
pH-AGRASlide25
4 Bale CottonSlide26
“4 Bale Cotton”Slide27
Rate Based on Soil Testing
!Slide28Slide29
Foliar Feeding
By Plane
Right Crop
Right Nutrient
Right Timing
Right RateSlide30
Right
Rate
Right
Source
Right
Timing
Right
PlacementSlide31
OBJECTIVE:
Compare Different Boron Fertilizers
For CottonSlide32
UGA Boron Recomendation
0.5 lb B/aSlide33
Results - Year 1 (1999) Yield
Lint Yield (lb/a)Slide34
Results - Year 1 (1999) Tissue B
Tissue B (ppm)
a
b
b
c
cSlide35
“Pound for Pound, Boron is Boron”
- Glen Harris
2.5 lbs x 0.205 = 0.5 lb B
2 qts 10 % liquid B = 0.5 lb B Slide36
“Boron Xtra”
5 % liquid B – Recommended 6 oz /a
6 oz/128 oz = 0.0468 gal
0.0468 gal x 11 lb/gal = 0.515 lbs
0.515 x 0.05 = 0.025 lb B !!!Slide37
The Results: Year 1 (2000)
Lint Yield (
lb
/a)
1 Application, First Bloom, 2 gal/a (1.5
lb
Ca/a)Slide38
The Results: Year 1 (2000)
% Ca in Tissue
Sampled 2 weeks after Application, Noticed Burn on NCal212Slide39
The Results: Year 2 (2001)
Lint Yield (
lb
/a)
3 Applications, 1st, 2nd and 4th
wk
of bloom, 0.5
lb
Ca/a @Slide40Slide41
Soils of the Southeast
Sandy
Acidic
Low Fertility
Highly Weathered
Poorly Buffered
Low in Organic MatterSlide42
Humus Chemistry
Operational Definition
:
Soil Organic Matter
Humus
Fully Decomposed
Humic Acid
Soluble in Alkali
Non-Humus
Not Decomposed
Humin
Water Insoluble
Humic Acids
Water Soluble
Fulvic Acid
Soluble in
Alkali & Acid
Brown Humic Acids
(MW 7,000-70,000)
Crenic Acid
(MW 500-1000)
Apocrenic Acid
(MW 2000-7000)
Gray Humic Acids
(MW 70,000 – 700,000)Slide43
Humic AcidSlide44
Humus
Non-crystalline organic
Approximately:
40 – 60 % C
30 – 50 % O
3 – 7 % H
1 – 5 % N
Large 10,000 – 100,000 g/mol
“Convoluted chains and rings”
Three main types of hydroxyl groupsSlide45
Sources of Negative Charge of HumusSlide46Slide47
The Role of
Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers
in Meeting High Input Costs
Glen Harris
University of Georgia
Excelis
MPPA Duo
CALFA
C BoostSlide48
Slide49Slide50Slide51Slide52Slide53
NH4-N (ppm)
(Coefficient of Variation of 33 %, Least Significant Difference = 98.9)
Arborite/Humic Acid Volatilization Chambers
Lang Farm Cotton - Fall 2011
a
a
a
a
b
b
bSlide54
Stoller Study
RDC Pivot 2001
Lint Yield (
lb
/a)Slide55
Stoller Study
Sunbelt Expo 2001
Lint Yield (
lb
/a)Slide56
Bio-Active Liquid Calcium and GroEnergizer
AgriTech
International (Justin, TX)
2 gal/a and 1
qt
/a
55 gal drum for $785 ($14/gallon)
“100% Available Calcium” (
CaCl
?), micronutrients, carbon energy source and kelp
Foliar application that distributed to plant cells 6X faster
Chelated liquid calcium with 52 trace mineralsReleases soil nutrients“How does hydrogen affect soil – acidic pH” (True)“How do I lower H in my soil – by increasing base saturation” (Not true)
“Ag-Lime takes 6 to 8 months after application to take affect” (Not true)
“Does what Ag-Lime can’t do” (? True, I guess, it will make him go broke)
Calcium chloride does not even affect pH !
“Extensive research” and University trials – Rutgers (doesn’t show data)
and general quotes about Ca from other researchers in other states
“Savings per acre = $26.00 !”
Farmer TestimonialsSlide57
Cotton Fertilization “Strategy”
Soil Test
Lime to pH of 6.0-6.5
Apply P, K (
Mn
and Zn) at
Planting
Apply 10
lb
S/a at planting or
sidedress
Apply N in Split Applications
Apply ½ lb/a Boron before Bloom
Tissue and Petiole Sample
Foliar Feed if NeededSlide58
Thanks to
:
Georgia Cotton
Commission
Georgia Plant Food Ed
Soc
UGA Cotton
Team
Sunbelt
Expo
Waters Lab
UGA
Microgin