destory morale B Harold marched his army to London just two days after winning the victory at Stamford Bridge and from London he went immediately to Hastings They had already marched from the south to York and fought a battle They would have little rest ID: 539386
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Slide1
A.
There was a storm in the sea just as William first tried to set off and some of his men drowned. He kept it quiet and had them secretly buried so that it wouldn’t
destory
morale.Slide2
B. Harold
marched his army to London just two days after winning the victory at Stamford
Bridge and from London he went immediately to Hastings. They had already marched from the south to York and fought a battle. They would have little rest.Slide3
C.
Godwinson
had an excellent military track record from the reign of Edward, particularly his victory over King
Gruffyd
of
Wales.Slide4
D. Harold
decided to marry the sister of Edwin and
Morcar
, thus binding the northern earls to him and giving them reason to fight hard for him.Slide5
E. Harold
faced invasion from the North and from the South at the same time.Slide6
F. Harold
had proven himself as an intelligent and shrewd general by defeating a Viking army led by
Hardrada
, one of the most respected and successful warriors of the period.Slide7
G. When
the Normans landed William ordered his troops to ravage the land, partly to gather supplies but also to draw Godwinson to battle as soon as possible
. The longer his army remained in England, the longer it was at risk, living in enemy
territoriy
.Slide8
H. Harold decided
to march to Hastings as soon as possible in an attempt to repeat the success of Stamford Bridge
. He wanted to take the Normans by surprise too and thought it could work twice.Slide9
I. Some
historians suggest that William
waited in Normandy,
knowing that it would stretch Harold’s forces to keep them on high alert for as long as possible. He would also have known about the
Fyrd
having to leave to collect the harvest in September.Slide10
J. Soon
after hearing the news of
Godwinson
taking the throne, William sent a delegation to the Pope to seek his approval for the invasion. This approval led to thousands of men joining from across Northern Europe and helped to convince many of his own Barons to support him.Slide11
K. Harold’s
accidental visit to Normandy in 1064/65 meant that William was able to portray him as a liar and accuse him of perjury (swearing a false oath) which was very serious in 1066. Slide12
L. The
Fyrd
was only required to serve for a maximum of two months and by September Harold had to let them go to collect the harvest. The terms of the
Fyrd
were traditional and had been in place long before Harold’s reign.Slide13
M. The
Northumbrian uprising led to the exile of
Tostig
, during the reign of Edward. This put Godwinson in an extremely difficult position
. He ended up not backing his brother up and this ended with
Tostig
convincing the Vikings to invade.Slide14
N. The
English fleet was used to guarding the coast and was fairly well trained but was badly damaged in a storm just before the Normans crossed the channel.Slide15
AA. During
the battle William, at great danger to himself, removed his helmet and galloped along the battlefield exclaiming that he was still alive, crushing a rumour that he had died which could have led to the disintegration of his army.Slide16
BB. William
used the various units in his army to help him to eliminate the strong Saxon shield-wall. For example the foot-soldiers were used to wear it down, the archers were asked to fire high to force the shields to lift and the cavalry was used to kill any English that came down the hill.Slide17
CC. Mid
-battle, William ordered his men to pretend to retreat in order to try to draw the English off the hill.
This was called the ‘
feigned retreat’ tactic.
Each
time this tempted more of the
Fyrd
from their strong hill position and once they were on the flat the Norman cavalry could ride them down.Slide18
DD.
Godwinson
had
whichever strong
, powerful, loyal, experienced
housecarls
were left after fighting the Vikings,
a large number of the
Fyrd
(peasants)
and probably a few archers scattered amongst his army. William had foot-soldiers from across Northern Europe, large numbers of archers and cavalry giving him more options in the fight.Slide19
EE. The
Norman archers possibly delivered the killer blow with some sources suggesting Harold was killed with an arrow to the eye. Either way the Norman archers certainly weakened the shield wall and by firing high it made it difficult to maintain.Slide20
FF. The
cavalry was the portion of the Norman army that delivered the killer blows to any English soldiers that strayed off the hill; a cavalry charge was the Medieval battlefield’s ultimate weapon.