7 Battle of the Atlantic US History Unit 5 Essential Questions What were the key elements of the Battle of the Atlantic What things gave the Allies the advantage to win control over the Atlantic Ocean ID: 558935
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Events and Ideas
#7Battle of the Atlantic
U.S. HistoryUnit 5Slide2
Essential Questions:What were the key elements of the Battle of the Atlantic?What things gave the Allies the advantage to win control over the Atlantic Ocean?Slide3
Battle of the Atlantic
The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign in World War II: 1939 -1945
After declaring war on the U.S., German submarines entered American coastal waters.
U-boat shells a merchant shipSlide4
United States East Coast
American merchant ships were targeted by German U-boats
They attacked at night when the glow from the cities silhouetted the vessels.
People on the East Coast dimmed their evening lights, put up “blackout curtains” and drove with their headlights off.Slide5
German U-boats
By Aug. 1942, German submarines had sunk 360 American ships.So many oil tankards had been sunk, that gasoline and oil had to be rationed
Cargo ships began to travel in convoys escorted by Navy ships to ensure safety
German U-boats at anchorSlide6
Convoy SystemGreat Britain required more than a million tons of imported material per week in order to survive and hold off Germany’s attacks.
Blimps and airplanes flew overhead keeping watch.At the core of the battle was the blockade of Germany, and Germany's blockade of Great Britain
U.S. Navy blimp flies over a convoy of ships
to protect it from German U-boatsSlide7
Mass Production
Even though the Germans wreaked havoc on Allied ships in the Atlantic, by 1942 U.S. shipyards are producing ships faster than the Germans are sinking themNew technology helps turn the tide in favor of the alliesSonar, Radar, Depth Charges
A fleet of U.S.
Liberty
shipsSlide8
D-Day PlanSlide9
D-Day Deception
Efforts to fool the Germans into thinking the invasion would occur elsewhereMethod used:Controlled leaks of misinformationPhysical deceptionFake infrastructure and equipmentDummy landing craftDummy aircraft/airfieldsDecoy lightingFake messages/transmissions
Messages sent to and from fake units
Dummy aircraft
Symbol of the
fictitious
1
st
Army unitSlide10
The Normandy InvasionJune 6, 1944 “D-Day” aka “Operation Overlord
”The attack was planned months in advance; the Nazi’s knew the Allies planned to attack…but didn’t know whereFive “Landing Beaches” were chosen: Utah, Omaha, Gold, Sword, and Juno
D-Day map of the coast of FranceSlide11
The Normandy InvasionLargest single allied invasion in the war
1.5 million troops & 5 million tons of equipment sent to Britain in preparationDawn of June 6:7,000 ships, 100,000 soldiers, 23,000 paratroopers land on the Normandy beaches
Troops & equipment landing at a
captured
beachhead Slide12Slide13Slide14
Battle of the AtlanticFill out the graphic organizer “Battle of the Atlantic” while viewing the next seven slidesSlide15
Sept 3, 1939
- WWII beginsSet. 14th – 1st U-boat suck
Sept. 16th – 1st Convoy route1939 totals: 165
merchant ships sunk
9
U-boats sunkSlide16
June – Dunkirk evacuatedJune - France surrenders to GermanyJuly – Battle of the Atlantic officially begins
1940 totals:567 merchant ships sunk 24 U-boats sunkSlide17
Jan–April: German aircraft sink 113 ships in Atlantic
March – 1st radar detect U-boatsJune – German Naval code brokenHitler declares war on U.S.A.
1941 totals:503 merchant ships sunk35 U-boats sunkSlide18
Feb – Germany changes enigma machine, British can’t read code
May - U-boats begin night time surface attacksJune - British cryptographers crack U-boat code
1942 totals:1383 merchant ships sunk87 U-boats sunkSlide19
Feb – War changes in favor of the Allies
March – Germany temporarily blocking code breaking1943 totals:
588 merchant ships sunk242 U-boats sunkSlide20
June 4
th – D-Day LandingAug. – Largest convoy arrives in U.K. with no losses
1944 totals:251 merchant ships sunk252 U-boats sunkSlide21
May 6
th – Last U-boat sunkMay 8th – Germany surrendersSept. 2nd
– Japan surrenders1945 totals:175 merchant ships sunk120 U-boats sunkSlide22
U-Boats scuttled at the end of the war
May 6-9, 1945: over 200 U-boats scuttled (sunk) by the Germans156 U-boats were surrendered to the British Royal Navy116 were scuttled by the U.K. off of Ireland
42 surrendered U-boats Northern Ireland in June 1945Slide23
Essential Questions:What were the key elements of the Battle of the Atlantic?What things gave the Allies the advantage to win control over the Atlantic Ocean?