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Exploring aspects of private, public and private-public par Exploring aspects of private, public and private-public par

Exploring aspects of private, public and private-public par - PowerPoint Presentation

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Exploring aspects of private, public and private-public par - PPT Presentation

Ravish Amjad and Gordon MacLeod Annual Status of Education Report ASER Pakistan Background Substudy from ASER Pakistan 2011 Thank you ASER Large nationwide household survey ID: 380334

private school ppp children school private children ppp type fee tuition regression schools students factors grade controlling government fees

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Slide1

Exploring aspects of private, public and private-public partnership (PPP) schooling in Pakistan.

Ravish Amjad and Gordon MacLeodAnnual Status of Education Report (ASER) PakistanSlide2

Background

Sub-study from ASER, Pakistan (2011) (Thank you ASER!)Large, nationwide household survey accompanied by smaller school survey.

Linked individual

child

data with school data.Individual data included success (or not) on tests of Urdu, arithmetic and English.Samples of:26,054 Government children3997 Private children, and 159 PPP childrenSlide3

The Regression Analyses

Regression Analysis 1Checks for the ‘school type effect’ alone on assessment outcomesRegression Analysis 2Checks for the ‘school type effect’ on assessment outcomes after controlling for other factors, other than the type of school.Slide4

Do private and PPP school students outperformgovernment school students?

Regression 1: Yes (substantial and significant).(Private and PPP perform at same level as each other).

Regression 2

:

After controlling for other variables (Child, household, school) a. private school children outperform govt. children b. PPP school children underperform govt. children.

Conclusions:

Private

school children’s superiority

seems due to school type.

PPP

school children’s superiority is due to factors other than school type.Slide5

How much do private school students pay in fees?

Fee levels per month (in

Pakistan rupees

)

Number paying

% paying

Cumulative

%

Rs. 0 – 199

736

18

18

Rs. 200 – 399

21475472Rs. 400 – 5999492496Rs. 600 and above1654100Slide6

Do children from lowest cost private schools outperform government school children?

Regression 1: Yes (significant and substantial).Regression 2: After controlling for other

factors,

a. Yes for Arithmetic and English

b. No for Urdu.Conclusion: lowest-fee private school children’s superiority in arithmetic and English seems associated with school type.Slide7

Do children from high cost private schools outperform lower-cost private school children?

Regression 1: Yes (significant and substantial) for those paying 400 or more rupees per month (top quartile of fees)

Regression

2

: After controlling for other variables, No. In fact highest levels of fees (top 5%) seems associated with lesser performance.Conclusion: superior performance of higher fee children seems due to factors other than school type.Slide8

Summary of outcomes

Finding

Apparently

due

to School Type?Private > governmentYesPPP > governmentNoLowest-fee private > government

Yes

Higher-fee private > lower-fee private.

NoSlide9

If not school type…then what?

PPP/government difference attributable to private tuition. The tuition effect alone accounts for more than 90% of the total effect after controlling for all factors!Higher

fee/lower fee difference attributable to combination of Child factors (age, gender, preschooling, private tuition).Slide10

For further investigation…

Determinants of taking private tuition? Tuition is taken by 11% of government school children; 52% of PPP school children and some 66% of private school children

Does higher cost tuition produce better outcomes?

Average amount paid for tuition rises alongside levels of private school fees.Do private schools benchmark against local govt. schools? Private schools offer facilities just a notch superior to attack demand, after which they do not have incentive to improve furtherNeed for systematic evaluation of PPP schools’ learning outcomes.

Family savings on fees are being applied to private supplementar

y tuition.

Slide11

The big issue: Quality

Private schools seem to be the winners!But:—40% of Grade 5 private school students cannot read a simple story in Urdu (end-of-Grade 2 task);

—41% of Grade 5 private school students cannot divide a three-digit number by a one-digit number (end-of-Grade 2 task);

—50% of Grade 5 private school students cannot read simple sentences in English (end-of-Grade 2 task).

Quality should be a concern for all and not just government schools!Slide12

Thank

youravish.ita@gmail.com

gordonmacl@gmail.com