Ravish Amjad and Gordon MacLeod Annual Status of Education Report ASER Pakistan Background Substudy from ASER Pakistan 2011 Thank you ASER Large nationwide household survey ID: 380334
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Slide1
Exploring aspects of private, public and private-public partnership (PPP) schooling in Pakistan.
Ravish Amjad and Gordon MacLeodAnnual Status of Education Report (ASER) PakistanSlide2
Background
Sub-study from ASER, Pakistan (2011) (Thank you ASER!)Large, nationwide household survey accompanied by smaller school survey.
Linked individual
child
data with school data.Individual data included success (or not) on tests of Urdu, arithmetic and English.Samples of:26,054 Government children3997 Private children, and 159 PPP childrenSlide3
The Regression Analyses
Regression Analysis 1Checks for the ‘school type effect’ alone on assessment outcomesRegression Analysis 2Checks for the ‘school type effect’ on assessment outcomes after controlling for other factors, other than the type of school.Slide4
Do private and PPP school students outperformgovernment school students?
Regression 1: Yes (substantial and significant).(Private and PPP perform at same level as each other).
Regression 2
:
After controlling for other variables (Child, household, school) a. private school children outperform govt. children b. PPP school children underperform govt. children.
Conclusions:
Private
school children’s superiority
seems due to school type.
PPP
school children’s superiority is due to factors other than school type.Slide5
How much do private school students pay in fees?
Fee levels per month (in
Pakistan rupees
)
Number paying
% paying
Cumulative
%
Rs. 0 – 199
736
18
18
Rs. 200 – 399
21475472Rs. 400 – 5999492496Rs. 600 and above1654100Slide6
Do children from lowest cost private schools outperform government school children?
Regression 1: Yes (significant and substantial).Regression 2: After controlling for other
factors,
a. Yes for Arithmetic and English
b. No for Urdu.Conclusion: lowest-fee private school children’s superiority in arithmetic and English seems associated with school type.Slide7
Do children from high cost private schools outperform lower-cost private school children?
Regression 1: Yes (significant and substantial) for those paying 400 or more rupees per month (top quartile of fees)
Regression
2
: After controlling for other variables, No. In fact highest levels of fees (top 5%) seems associated with lesser performance.Conclusion: superior performance of higher fee children seems due to factors other than school type.Slide8
Summary of outcomes
Finding
Apparently
due
to School Type?Private > governmentYesPPP > governmentNoLowest-fee private > government
Yes
Higher-fee private > lower-fee private.
NoSlide9
If not school type…then what?
PPP/government difference attributable to private tuition. The tuition effect alone accounts for more than 90% of the total effect after controlling for all factors!Higher
fee/lower fee difference attributable to combination of Child factors (age, gender, preschooling, private tuition).Slide10
For further investigation…
Determinants of taking private tuition? Tuition is taken by 11% of government school children; 52% of PPP school children and some 66% of private school children
Does higher cost tuition produce better outcomes?
Average amount paid for tuition rises alongside levels of private school fees.Do private schools benchmark against local govt. schools? Private schools offer facilities just a notch superior to attack demand, after which they do not have incentive to improve furtherNeed for systematic evaluation of PPP schools’ learning outcomes.
Family savings on fees are being applied to private supplementar
y tuition.
Slide11
The big issue: Quality
Private schools seem to be the winners!But:—40% of Grade 5 private school students cannot read a simple story in Urdu (end-of-Grade 2 task);
—41% of Grade 5 private school students cannot divide a three-digit number by a one-digit number (end-of-Grade 2 task);
—50% of Grade 5 private school students cannot read simple sentences in English (end-of-Grade 2 task).
Quality should be a concern for all and not just government schools!Slide12
Thank
youravish.ita@gmail.com
gordonmacl@gmail.com