History of Floral Design - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

History of Floral DesignSlide2

Why is it important?To create arrangements with the feel of another time and place.To harmonize your arrangements with the time period of the room or building.HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF!!!Slide3

Floral Design in Ancient CivilizationsEgyptianGreek

Roman

ByzantineSlide4

Egyptian Floral Design

Began in

2800

B.C. to

28

B.C.

We discovered

floral design through artifacts and wall paintingsUsed for decoration inTemplesBanquet TablesWreaths for guestsUsed in precessionsGiven to honor someoneSlide5

Egyptian Floral Design

Orderly, alternating patters

Simplistic, repetitious, and highly stylized

Placed in spouted vases with no stem visible

Set in regimented rows

Around the edge of the vase (2 inches above the rim)

Blossoms were flanked by leaves or buds on lower stems.

No bunching or overlapping of material.Slide6

Egyptian Period 2800-28BC Containers

Egyptians favored wide-mouthed containers

Containers were often made from pottery, gold, slate, or polished alabaster

Farrence -- Type of glazed earthenware from Italy that was often used in containersSlide7

Egyptian Period: Design CharacteristicsCommon types of designs were chaplets, wreaths, garlandsDesigns were typically orderly with alternating patterns of flowers

Dominant colors were red, yellow, and blueSlide8

Egyptian Period: Flowers several flowers were considered sacred, symbolizing Egyptian Gods and Goddesses

Acacia

Gladiolas

Jasmine

Lily

Lupine

Morning Glory

PoppyRoseLotus**Slide9

Flowers used in Egyptian Design

-Acacia

-Roses

-Water lilies

-Violets

-Madonna

lilies

-

Narcissus

-Jasmine

-Poppies

-Lotus blossom

( were considered sacred)Slide10

JASMINE

GLADIOLAS

LOTUS

MORNING GLORY

LILYSlide11

Egyptian Period: Foliage & FruitIvyLaurelOleanderFigsGrapes

Olives

Palm

Papyrus

Peaches

PlumsSlide12

Greek Floral Design

This Period Began 600B.C.–46 B.C.

The ancient Greeks were so dedicated to beauty that their art heritage has lived through the ages and influences today’s art.

Herbs were frequently used with the flowers, and as garlands, and wreaths.

They introduced the Horn of Plenty or Cornucopia. Slide13

Greek Floral Designs

Greek designs expressed grace and simplicity

Color was not important

the flowers, fragrance, and symbolism associated with each flower were foremost importance

Often symbolic of a god or heroSlide14

Greek Period 600-146 BCContainers

Flower petals were often scattered on the ground during ceremonies

Design types often used were wreaths and garlands worn during special occasions.

Presented as awards to athletes, statesmen and soldiers.

The cornucopia was first introduced during this era. It was filled with fruits and vegetables and placed in an upright position rather than on its side as done today.Slide15

Greek Period: FlowersCrocusDaisyHoneysuckle

CROCUS

DAISY

HONEYSUCKLESlide16

Flowers Used in Greek Designs

Roses

Hyacinths

Honeysuckle

Violets

Lilies

Tulips

Larkspur

Marigolds Slide17

Greek Period: Foliage & FruitHerbsIvyLaurelBerries

Oak

Olive

Acorns

GrapesSlide18

Roman Floral Design

28 -B.C.-325 A. D.

The Romans continued with the customs of the Greeks.

Garlands, wreaths and crowns were more elaborate than those of the Greeks. Crowns and garlands were tapered.

Flowers were sometimes arranged in baskets and cornucopias.. Slide19

Roman Period 28 BC-325 AD

continued the customs of the Greeks

Often used heavy & elaborate wreaths

Used fragrant flowers with bright colors

First use of natural bouquets

arrangements and usage became more elaborateSlide20

Roman Floral Design

“Dies

Rosationis

” - After a person dies the family would gather at a rose bedecked grave and lay more roses in remembrance of that person.

“Sub Rosa” - Roman custom of hanging a wreath of white roses from the ceiling, and all things said beneath the wreath was to be kept a secret.Slide21

Flowers Used in Roman Design

Roses

Crocus Narcissi

Oleanders

Violets Lily

Poppy

Amaranths

Ivy

Myrtle

Honeysuckle

LaurelSlide22

Byzantine Floral Design

320-600 AD

Continued Roman designs

Elaborate containers had nearly pointed bases.

Used symmetrical tree-like compositionsSlide23

Byzantine Floral Design

Changed construction of garlands to be narrow bands of flowers or fruit alternated with foliage

Formal conical designs with clusters of blossoms at regular intervalsSlide24

Floral Designs in European PeriodsMiddle AgesRenaissance

Baroque

French

English-Georgian

VictorianSlide25

Middle Ages Floral Design

(476-1400 AD)

Flowers arranged in vases

Symmetrical groups in Chinese flasks show Chinese influence.

Little known about floral designs of this period

Information found in Persian art, rugs, and tapestries. Slide26

Renaissance Floral Design

Renaissance period saw a rebirth of many interests, particularly in the arts.

The Renaissance began in Italy but quickly spread to all of Europe.

The Renaissance style was greatly influenced by the Byzantine, Greek, and Roman periods.Slide27

Renaissance Floral Design

Stems were covered creating a massed, symmetrically stiff arrangement.

In this era, the Christmas Wreath became popular

Fruits, blossoms and leaves were woven into garlands to decorate walls and vaulted ceilings

Petals were piled into

baskets to strew on floors and streets or to float down from balconies into rooms below.Slide28

Renaissance1400-1600 ADPeriod in Europe after Middle Ages

Paintings from this period often show vases of flowers because flowers had great symbolism

ex: The rose symbolized sacred or profane love

ex: A white lily symbolized chastity and fertilitySlide29

Renaissance: Design StylesSingle white lily placed in a jug is typical

Flowers arranged in vases so that only blossoms were visible

Massed, symmetrically stiff, compact arrangements common

designs were large, tall, pyramidal, and symmetrically balanced

Bright colors and forms of flowers were used as focusSlide30

Renaissance: FlowersAnemoneCampanulaCarnationsIrisPoppy

Rose

Lily

Lily of the Valley

Marigold

Narcissus

Pansy

VioletsSlide31

ANEMONE

CAMPANULA

Lily of the Valley

CARNATIONSSlide32

Flowers used in Renaissance Design

Roses

Lily of the Valley

Daisies

Ivy Olive Branches

Laurel Dianthus

Lilies

Violets

PrimrosesSlide33

Renaissance: FoliageBoxwoodConesFruitIvy

Laurel

Myrtle

Olive

VegetablesSlide34

Baroque and Flemish Style Period

(1600-1775 AD)

Classical Renaissance style gave way to the lavish Baroque style

Symmetrical oval shaped designs

Hogarthian

curve or S-Curve developed this periodSlide35

Baroque Period1600-1775 ADEra following the Renaissance in Europe

Art is no longer just for the church or nobility, it is now accessible to the middle class.Paintings show arrangements in everyday settings

Many interiors were overdecorated and gaudy

Designs became more creative and expressive

asymmetrical curves in the shape of a crescent or an “s” were adopted laterSlide36

Baroque Period: ContainersMassive and sturdyMetal and stone urnsChinese and Japanese vases, bowls, and flasksSlide37

Baroque and Flemish Style Period

Styles were evoked by the works of Michelangelo in Italy, but these were adopted by designers in Holland and Belgium.

Large containers held flamboyant arrangements containing many different kinds of flowers. Slide38

Baroque Period: FlowersCarnationsCyclamenFoxgloveIrisLarkspur

Lilies

Marigolds

Roses

Sunflowers

Snowball

TulipsSlide39

Flowers Used in the Baroque and Flemish Style Era

Iris Marigold

Lily

Peony

Cannas

Hollyhock

RosesSlide40

Baroque Period: Foliage & AccessoriesLeaves of flowersColeusOliveBold leaves

Fruits/vegetables

Birds’ nests

Shells

Insects

Nuts, berriesSlide41

Floral Design in French Period

All of these design periods fall under one Category :

French Baroque

French Rococo (18th Century)

Louis XVI (Late 18th Century)

Empire Period (1804-1814)Slide42

French Period (17th & 18th century France)Also known as the “Grand Era”Associated with the courtly life

Emphasis was on classic design, refinement, and elegance

Designs were often fan shaped and massedSlide43

French Baroque

The topiary was introduced during this period. Symmetrical designs with no focal point.

Floral designs were informal, fragile, and delicate.Slide44

French Rococo (18th Century)

Designs more formal than those of the Baroque period, predominantly arc and crescent-shaped, delicate and airy. Slide45

Louis XVI (Late 18th Century)

Delicate, cool colors before the French revolution, and the revival of the Classical Period following the French revolution. Slide46

Empire Period (1804-1814)

Military symbolism was often used in arrangements, using emblems and figures associated with the emperor. Most of the designs were simple and triangular in shape. Slide47

French Period: ContainersElegant and ornateGoblets and vases made of glass, ceramic, or porcelainClassic urnsSlide48

French Period: Flowers & FoliageAcaciaAsterCarnationFernsHyacinth

Larkspur

Lilacs

Lilies

Marigolds

Pansy

Poppy

RosesTulipsSlide49

English Georgian Period

(1714-1760)

The 15th and 16th Century collective fortresses of England gave way to smaller houses, into which flowers were brought, more for their fragrance than their beauty.

Arrangements during the first half of this period consisted of flowers simply crammed into sturdy containers, with little or no concern for design.

Some of the containers of the period were made specifically to hold flowers, with holes or openings to maintain the stems at particular angles.Slide50

English-Georgian Period1714 – 1760 ADNamed for English Kings George I, II, & IIIFragrance was very important in flower selection because it was thought to rid disease

English created the nosegay to safeguard from illness

Flowers became part of fashion in hair, around necks, and in décolletage

Arrangements were formal & symmetrical & often triangular

Often used bough potsSlide51

English-Georgian: ContainersWedgwoodPosy-holder vasesUrns made of pewter, sliver, or ceramicsCeramic wall pockets

Enclosed bricksSlide52

English-Georgian: FlowersCloverGeraniumsHibiscus

Passion Flower

Phlox

Snowdrop

Veronica

Used the same as the Baroque period but also included:Slide53

Victorian Era 1820-1901

The Victorian era named for Queen Victoria, marked a period of floral design, in which we often see elaborate and full designs.

Upper-class members of society showed their wealth with large, excessive, opulent and often overdone flower arrangements.Slide54

Victorian Era

This era was the first attempt to establish rules for floral arranging

Arrangements were created weekly by cultured ladies and their daughters in the home.

This was also the time when

tussie-mussie

bouquets and nosegay bouquets made their mark in society. Proper women of Victorian society carried these bouquets at most social gatherings.Slide55

Victorian Era

Victorian style arrangements are typically round or oval in form. Flowers are typically kept to a lower height,

Strong color contrasts and flowers with brilliant hues were preferred

Lots of foliage is associated with Victorian style arrangements.

Fruit may be added to the arrangement also, mainly because the flowers are cut from the garden that are being used.Slide56

Victorian Era

Victorians knew the language of flowers and carefully selected their arrangements or single flowers according to the message they wanted to convey to the recipient.

A gift of a bouquet of chrysanthemums meant love; a red carnation meant that feelings weren’t mutual and lavender meant luck or devotion

Language of FlowersSlide57

Victorian Era: FlowersBleeding HeartCamelliasCarnationsDahlia

Gardenia

Hydrangea

Lilies

Poppies

Roses

Sweet Pea

TulipsVioletsSlide58

Flowers Used in the Victorian Era

Roses

Tulips

Carnations

Lilies

Daisies

Peonies

Fruit Slide59

Victorian Era: Foliage & AccessoriesFernsGrassesDried Flowers

Figurines

Stuffed birds, butterflies

Victorian greeting cardsSlide60

Oriental Influence in Floral DesignBegan in India where Buddhist priests scattered branches and stem on altar or placed them in pottery urns.

Modified by the Chinese during the first century A.D

.

Oriental influence placed emphasis on the individual form, texture, and color of plant materialSlide61

Chinese vs. Japanese StyleChinese style is less stylizedJapanese style is very formal and follows strict rules of constructionJapanese designs are characterized by minimum use of plant material and careful placement of branches and flowers.

Each placement and angle has meaning.

Both use arrangements that depict how things are in nature – natural growth patters, groomed plants/pruned to perfection (bonsai)Slide62

American Styles of Floral DesignEarly AmericanColonial

Neoclassic

American VictorianSlide63

Early American (Colonial) Period

(1620-1720)

The early colonists generally produced plants for food or for their medicinal properties.

What little time they had for arranging flowers was spent making simple arrangements to adorn their very modest homes.

Flowers were used more in the Central and Southern Colonial areas.

Most of the arrangements they made were copied from the English Georgian and French Empire periods.

Arrangements were made in simple mass forms using numerous colors.Slide64

Colonial Williamsburg Floral Design

(1740-1780)

Colonial Williamsburg is renowned for it’s colorful arrangements in finger vase and flower bricks.

The English and European roots particularly in the Georgian and French designs became more symmetrical and sophisticated.

Fan and Triangular-shaped flower arrangements where lightly grouped at the top, sometimes 11/2 to three times the height of their containers. Slide65

Flowers Used in Colonial Williamsburg Design

Lilies

Anemones

Roses Sunflowers

Violets

Marigolds Daisies

Snapdragons

Cockscomb

Strawflower

Ornamental grasses Slide66

American Period Floral Design

(1780-1820)

The Neoclassic and Empire styles which had been evolving in Europe, especially the delicate French style, had a great influence on the styles used in late colonial America at this time.

In these types of arrangements, masses of mixed bouquets were used less often, and the charm of individual flowers was emphasized. Fewer flowers were used in containers.Slide67

American Victorian Period

(1800-1920)

The Victorian period in England began to spill over to the newly-declared United States.

Ornate containers of many different kinds of materials were filled to overflowing, using cool colors and an abundance of white.

Arrangements tended to be made in rich purples, magentas, and dark blues. and the

Tuzzy

-Muzzy was popular, especially in the deep ´South´. Slide68

Modern Styles of Floral DesignArt NouveauArt DecoFree Form Expression

Geometric Mass DesignSlide69

Modern Period (Contemporary) Floral Design

Based on curvilinear lines and often patterned after nature in the shape of plants/flowers

Containers were carving and asymmetrical

Art NouveauSlide70

Art Nouveau Period: 1890 - 1910Style was based on curvilinear lines and often patterned after nature in the shape of plants or flowersContainers were curving and asymmetricalSlide71

Modern Period (Contemporary) Floral Design

Influenced by ancient Egyptian, Jazz age, and the industrial age.

Characterized by strong geometric lines and patterns

The style reemerged in the 1960’s

Corsages became popular in this time period.

Art Deco Slide72

Art Deco Period: 1920’s & 30’sBlending of influences including ancient Egyptian, Jazz age, and industrial ageCharacterized by strong geometric lines and patternsThe style reemerged in the 1960’sSlide73

Modern Period (Contemporary) Floral Design

Arrangements became more expressive with feeling or movement and freedom

Textural differences between design materials were emphasized

Free Form ExpressionSlide74

Free Form Expression: 1950’sArrangements were more expressive with feeling of movement and freedomTextural differences between design materials were emphasizedSlide75

Modern Period (Contemporary) Floral Design

Tight, geometric bouquets were common

Arrangements combined mass and line into stiff patterns

Compote containers were commonly used.

Geometric Mass DesignSlide76

Geometric Mass Design: 1960’s & 70’sTight, geometric bouquets were commonArrangements combined mass and line into stiff patterns

Compote containers were commonly usedSlide77

ReviewWhat are some types of flowers and foliage common to all periods of floral design?Why is it important to study the history of floral design?What are some reasons for changing design styles across time?

How did European traditions influence American design?