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Page 1 LIMITING REACTANTSLIMITING REACTANTS ReactantseactantsProductsProducts2 NOg O2 g 2 NO2g Limiting reactant Limiting reactant Excess reactant . Most common reactions for aromatics involve replacement of ring . hydrogens. by other atoms or groups . (substitution reactions). Mechanism of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions. Electrophile. Type 1: A metal combines with a nonmetal to form a binary salt.. Example: A piece of lithium metal is dropped into a container of nitrogen gas.. 6Li (s) + N. 2. (g) . → 2Li. 3. N (. aq. ). Synthesis Reactions. In addition to substitution, alkyl halides can also undergo elimination reactions, which lead to the formation of alkenes.. As with substitution reactions, elimination reactions come in two mechanistic types:. patients -. A . reproducible didactic conference for medical . students. Robert F. McFadden, MD. Alexandra H. Sawicki, PGY1 Emory University. Abstract. We . describe . a one hour interactive conference given during medical students’ psychiatry clerkship. We introduce a framework for examining, classifying, and understanding reactions to difficult patients. This exposes students destined for all medical specialties to a consistent method of examining patient interactions. This conference brings psychodynamically-oriented faculty into contact with the entire student body in the service of improving students’ ability to respond to, diagnose, and care for patients. Some medical schools have held group discussions of problematic patient encounters without a structured didactic component. Prior to our conference, taught once per clerkship, students are surveyed and asked to describe a troubling psychiatry patient encounter. Information is gathered about what troubles students, and how the students reacted. This retrospective survey encourages growth of students’ observing ego regarding their feelings and reactions as a physician. During the real-time conference, we teach students to distinguish between three types of reactions: justified reactions, projective identification reactions, and counter-transference reactions. We lead students through a problem-based learning exercise to practice applying this concept. Time is allowed for discussion of how this classification can guide students after a troubling patient encounter. This conference addresses the important, often ignored issue of students’ reactions to troubling patient encounters with a systematic and reproducible classification system that could be taught in an hour-long lecture at medical schools throughout the country. This will give students a lifelong protective layer of insight that will allow them to respond in healthier, more empathetic ways to patients.. If a set of chemical reactions is taking place in a system, a . complete. mathematically independent sub-set is one where every reaction that is . not. included in the complete mathematically independent sub-set can be written as a linear combination of the reactions that . Chemical change. . Reactions with acid. . Reactions with oxygen . 7F. 7F Simple chemical reactions. Chemical change. . 7F Simple chemical reactions. 7F Chemical change – Changing materials. How many different materials can you see in this bedroom?. 1 – Nature of Chemical Reactions. 2 – Chemical Equations. 3 - Reaction Types. 4 – Reaction Rates and Equilibrium. State Standards. CLE.3203.1.9 – Apply the Laws of Conservation of Mass/Energy to balance chemical equations. Chemical Equations. This equation means:. 4 Al(. s. ) + 3 O. 2. (. g. ) 2 Al. 2. O. 3. (. s. ). 4 Al atoms + 3 O. 2. molecules yield 2 molecules of Al. 2. O. 3. 4 Al . moles. Envenomations. Chapter 16. Allergic Reactions. Allergic reaction. Exaggerated immune response to any substance. Histamines and . leukotrienes. Chemicals released by the immune system. Anaphylaxis. Extreme allergic reaction. Alkenes. The commercial . process. of . hydrogenation is . used. to . convert the double . bonds. in . vegetable oils to . saturated. fats . such as those in margarine. . Learning . Goal . . Draw the condensed or line-angle structural formulas and give the names for the organic products of addition reactions of alkenes. Draw a condensed structural formula for a section of a polymer.. Types of Reactions. Types of Reactions. There are . 9. . main types of reactions we will examine:. Combustion. Substitution. Addition. Halogenation. , . Hydrogenation, . Hydrohalogenation. , Hydration. These are the OPPOSITE of neutralization reactions (i.e. acid-base reactions). Rather than forming a salt and water from an A-B reaction, a salt and water react to form an acid and a base.. You MUST determine if you have a Strong or Weak Acid and a Strong or Weak Base.. Objective. To know about . electrophilic. substitution reactions. Success criteria. Understand . the mechanism of the . electrophilic. substitution reactions of . benzene. Understand this for . halogenation. All. chemical reactions either release or absorb energy. . The energy can take many forms: . HEAT. , . LIGHT. , . SOUND. , and . ELECTRICITY. . Chemical . bonds. are the source of this energy. .