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Slide1
The Book Thief
By Markus ZusakSlide2
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
Approximately six million Jews were murdered in the Holocaust by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.
TrueSlide3
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
Other victims of Nazi persecution included Roma (Gypsies), many Slavic nationalities, the disabled, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals and political opponents such as Communists and socialists.
TrueSlide4
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
Jews made up 25% of the population in prewar Germany.
False
In 1933, Germany had a population of 70 million people, about 550,000 of whom were Jewish. Thus, Jews made up less than 1% of the total German population.Slide5
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
Jews are a race as well as a religious group.
FALSE
Jews are not a race. Jews are a religious group as are Catholics, Protestants and Muslims.Slide6
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
All concentration camps were located in Germany.
False
A majority of camps were located in Poland; only about 20% of the camps were in Germany. Slide7
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
If Jews converted, they were not sent to ghettos or concentration camps.
False
Jews were not permitted to convert to Christianity. Children born to a Jewish mother or father were considered racially Jewish by the Nazis.Slide8
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
The Nazis established ghettos as havens against the anti-Semitism of local populations in Poland and other Eastern European countries.
FALSE
Jews were herded into ghettos with very limited food, housing and medical supplies and almost all were eventually sent to their deaths in concentration camps.Slide9
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
Before 1939, the United States, Canada and western European countries had an open-door policy for all German-Jewish refugees, but Hitler refused the
FALSE
Jews
were allowed to leave Germany up to 1939, but
most European
countries limited or forbade their entrance. The
US government
refused to change the very small American quota
to admit
Jewish refugees from Europe.Slide10
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
The government of the United States was aware of the mass executions of Jews during the war.
TrueSlide11
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
The Holocaust would not have been possible without the support of local populations in countries occupied by the Nazis.
TrueSlide12
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
Hitler was partly Jewish.
FALSE
There is no credible evidence to support the idea that Hitler was partly Jewish.Slide13
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
There was no Jewish resistance during the Holocaust.
FALSE
Jews carried out acts of resistance against impossible odds—in ghettos, concentration camps and killing centers and in many ways. Organized armed resistance was the most forceful form of Jewish opposition to Nazi policies. Jews used armed resistance in over 100 ghettos in occupied Poland and the Soviet Union. Jews also sabotaged equipment and spied on German activities. Slide14
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
Before World War II, most Jews lived and worked on farms and few lived in urban areas.
FALSE
Most of the Jews of Western Europe lived in cities. In Eastern Europe, Jews also lived in urban areas, but others lived in smaller cities or marketing villages known as “shtetls”Slide15
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
The Nazis believed that racial purity was required to build the new German Empire.
TrueSlide16
Holocaust Facts and Fictions
The latest research indicates that the Nazis and their allies ran over 42,000 camps, ghettos, and other sites of detention, persecution, forced labor and murder during the Holocaust.
TrueSlide17
The Book Thief
Historical BackgroundSlide18
Reading The Book Thief
In order to get the most out of reading The Book Thief, you really need to understand the historical background to the novel.
Holocaust means “Completely burnt” and is used to describe the mass murder of Jews (Genocide) during WWII. Slide19
A Brief History of the Holocaust
1933
The Nazi Party takes over Germany
Adolf Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany (prime minister)
The Nazis “suspend” civil freedoms
The first concentration camp “Dachau” is set up – to imprison Communists.
Books with ideas considered dangerous to Nazi beliefs are burnt.Slide20
A Brief History of the Holocaust
1934
Hitler combines the chancellor and President role to become “Fuhrer”, or the sole leader of Germany.
Jewish Newspapers can no longer be sold in the street.Slide21
A Brief History of the Holocaust
1935
Jews are deprived of citizenship and other basic rights
Nazis intensify persecution of people with different political beliefsSlide22
A Brief History of the Holocaust
1936
Nazis boycott Jewish owned businesses
The Olympic Games are held in Germany, signs barring Jews are removed until after the event
Jews no longer have the right to vote.Slide23
A Brief History of the Holocaust
1938
On
Kristallnacht
, “The Night of Broken Glass”, in one night over 30,000 Jews are arrested and deported to concentration camps, synagogues were ransacked and 92 Jews were murdered.Slide24
A Brief History of the Holocaust
1938 continued
Jews must carry ID cards and passports must be marked with a “J”.
Jews could no longer run business or attend public events.
All Jewish children were removed to Jewish schools
Jewish businesses were shut down, valuables and jewels had to be handed over.Slide25
A Brief History of the Holocaust
1939
Germany takes over Czechoslovakia and invades Poland.
World War II begins as Britain and France declare war on Germany
Hitler orders that Jews must follow curfews, they must turn in radios to the police and must wear yellow stars of David.Slide26
A Brief History of the Holocaust
1940
Nazis begin deporting Jews to Poland
Jews are forced into Ghettos (confined areas)
Mass Murders of Jews begin in Poland
Jews are put into concentration campsSlide27
A Brief History of the Holocaust
1941
Germany attacks Soviet Union
Jews throughout Western Europe are forced into ghettos
Death Squads are formed to kill Jews (shooting and hand grenades) throughout Eastern Europe. By December 1941, 300,000 people were killed by these squads alone.Slide28
A Brief History of the Holocaust
1942
Nazis discuss the “Final Solution” – their plan to exterminate all the Jews in Europe.
Jews are forbidden to subscribe to newspapers, keep pets, own bicycles, buy meat or eggs, use public transport, or attend schoolSlide29
Nazi Concentration and Extermination CampsSlide30
A Brief History of the Holocaust
1943
By February, about 80% of Jews who died in the Holocaust had been murdered. Mostly by gas chambers in Extermination Camps, otherwise by starvation or literally worked to death.Slide31
A Brief History of the Holocaust
1944
Hitler takes over Hungary and begins sending 12,000 Jews each day to Poland, where they are murdered.Slide32
A Brief History of the Holocaust
1945
Hitler is defeated and commits suicide.
Death camps are emptied
Many survivors are left without family or homes.Slide33
Facts about the Holocaust
It is estimated that over 6 million Jews were killed between 1933 and 1945.
7 out of 10 Jews in Europe were killed.
Millions of others were killed for other reasons: Catholics, Communists, homosexuals, the disabled, Romany Gypsies, Serbians, Jehovah’s Witnesses,
They also killed politicians, trade
u
nionists, teachers or anyone who spoke out against Hitler.Slide34
Facts about the Holocaust
Concentration camps were places that Jews were taken to work.
Extermination camps were places they were taken to be killed.
Some camps did both, sending those who could not work (children and the elderly) to be killed while others worked.Slide35
Facts about the Holocaust
Auschwitz –
Birkenau
Camp
Arrival at the camp, prisoners directed to the right went to work, those to the left went to the gas chambers.Slide36
The Book Thief
The Book Thief
is set in Munich, which is in the south of Germany.
Near Munich is the Dachau Concentration Camp
The first labour camp opened by the Nazis.
The camp held over 200,000 prisoners.
25,613 people are believed to have died in Dachau due to disease, malnutrition and suicide (+ another 10,000 in
subcamps
)
The prisoners were also used for medical experiments.
Dachau was liberated on 29 April, 1945 by the US Army, who also found piles of corpses.Slide37
DachauSlide38
Dachau Death March
Prisoners were marched through the surrounding towns on “death marches” from Dachau, just days before liberation.Slide39
Liberation of Dachau,
April 29, 1945
1600 people were found crammed into each of 20 barracks – originally designed to hold 250 people.Slide40
Other Information
The SS –
Shutzstaffel
, meaning “protection squad”, was a major Nazi organisation that was created as Hitler’s personal guard and then grew to carry out Hitler’s racist ideology. They were primarily responsible for ruling Germany by fear and the extermination of the Jews by capturing, enslaving and murdering them on mass.Slide41
Other Information
Hitler Youth – a military youth organisation that recruited young people to train them in Nazi ideals and military practices.
By 1940, it had 8,000,000 members
By 1943, the Nazi Party were recruiting the Hitler youth as manpower as they began to struggle during the war.
12 year olds were being recruited by 1945.Slide42
Other Information
Mein
Kampf
(My Struggle)
Book by Adolf Hitler written in 1925 while he was in prison.
It contained his political ideology as well as some elements of autobiography.
He claimed the German (Aryan) race was superior to all others and should take over the world.
The extremely racist book, focused on the inferiority and evil of Jews.
The book became the Nazi bible, 10 million copies sold by the end of the war.Slide43
HOMEWORK
Read pp.
1-35Slide44
Wall of Silence
This activity will be completed in silence.
All communication is done in writing.
D
o not ask questions during the activity.
You will review the “stimulus” carefully and thoroughly.
After reviewing, you will write a response on the big paper.
You must write a response on every big paper!
You may write your thoughts to what you have read or seen, and/or you may respond to others’ comments.