Karen Valentin Stephanie Velarde Francesca Velarde William Howard Taft Roosevelt decided not to run in 1908 Chose Taft as successor 27 th president 19091913 Liberal Republican Few Months after Taking Office ID: 745569
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Slide1
The End of the Progressive Era
Karen Valentin
Stephanie Velarde
Francesca VelardeSlide2
William Howard Taft
Roosevelt decided not to run in 1908
Chose Taft as successor
27
th
president (1909-1913)
Liberal Republican Slide3
Few Months after Taking Office…
The Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Payne Bill: Lowered rates on imported and manufactured goods
Aldrich Tariff: Increased tariffs
Taft signed the Payne-Aldrich Compromise: Reduced rates but at the same time kept them high enough for proponents of lowering tariffs to complainSlide4
During his Term
Richard A. Ballinger
Gave some land Roosevelt placed in forest reserves to public domain
Gifford Pinchot
Accused Ballinger of colluding with business interests and unsupportive of environmental good
Taft fired Pinchot in 1910Slide5
During his Term
Persuade antitrust policy
1911: Wanted Supreme Court to declare Standard Oil Company in violation of Sherman Antitrust Act
Break up into separate companies
Rule of reason
Big business were not antitrust violators unless engaged in policies that got rid of competitionSlide6
During his Term
Supported 16
th
amendment
Congress could enact a graduated income tax
The countries power, responsibilities, and expenditures where increasing
Graduated income tax provided a secure source of moneySlide7
During his Term
Allowed the direct election of Senators
Interstate Commerce Commission:
Successfully set railroad rates
Few paid attention to this or the 80 antitrust suits his administration initiated.
Chief Justice of the United StatesSlide8
Election of 1912
Candidates
William Howard Taft
Republican Party
Theodore Roosevelt
Progressive Party
Woodrow Wilson
Democratic Party
Eugene Debs
Socialist Party
http://library.duke.edu/exhibits/sevenelections/elections/1912/Slide9
Theodore Roosevelt’s Challenge
He challenged Taft for the Republican nomination
Defenders
Taft betrayed the progressive platform
Roosevelt was pressured
He believed that he could do a better job
Critics
They thought he had a huge ego
“Back stabbed” his friend
Roosevelt was defeatedSlide10
Candidate’s Platforms
Theodore Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson
New Nationalism policies
A broad plan of social reform for America
Wanted to preserve trusts but regulate them
Campaigned on behalf of women’s suffrage
Supported tariffs
Minimum wage
Worker’s compensation act
Child labor law
Proposed the elimination of trusts
Believed each state should decide on the issue of women suffrage
Criticized tariffs
http://library.duke.edu/exhibits/sevenelections/elections/1912/issues.html
http://millercenter.org/president/taft/essays/biography/3Slide11
Candidate’s Platforms
Eugene V.
Debs
William
Taft
Few supported him
Abolish
the “capitalistic system”
Defended the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Opposed
Child labor laws
Labor unions
Women suffrage
Wanted to dismantle the national park systemSlide12
How it all played out
Taft and Roosevelt were both trying to gain the Republican Party’s votes
Wilson won
Republican votes were split in half
Candidates
Popular Vote
Electoral College Vote
Wilson/Marshall
41.8%
81.9% (435)
Roosevelt/Johnson
27.4%
16.8% (88)
Taft/Sherman
23.2%
1.5% (8)
Debs/Seidel
6.0%
0% (0)
http://library.duke.edu/exhibits/sevenelections/elections/1912/winner.htmlSlide13
Woodrow Wilson
Born in Virginia December 28, 1856
Nominated as president in 1912 at democratic convention
28
th
President
Term: 1913-1921Slide14
During his Term
Neutral first three years of WWI (1913-1916)
Said America could not remain neutral in the WW1
April, 2 1917 asked congress for a declaration of war on Germany
Led America through WWI (1916-1919)
Hoped that participation in war would broker a peace treaty and end war foreverSlide15
During his Term
Campaigned on a program called New Freedom (1912)
New Freedom: stressed individualism and states' rights
Established an office near congress so he could meet with the members to talk about pending legislationSlide16
During his Term
Underwood Tariff Act (1913)
Reduced Tariff
Created a graduated income taxSlide17
During his Term
Federal Reserve System (1913):
Dealt with 12 regional banks and the board governors
Federal Trade Commission (1914):
Prohibit unfair business practices
Established 1914 by antitrust legislationSlide18
During his Term
Clayton Antitrust act (1914): prohibits direct or indirect interference with trade
Adamson Act (1916): 8 hr workday on railroadsSlide19
During his Term
1st pres. to constantly have press conferences to influence public opinion
Dealt with progressivism and made his own version since Democrats were in control of congressSlide20
Citations
Terrell, E.T. History of US Income Tax. Retrieved November 10, 2013 , from
http://www.loc.gov/rr/business/hottopic/irs_history.html
Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act. Retrieved November 10, 2013 , from
http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Payne-Aldrich_Tariff_Act.html
William Howard Taft. Retrieved November 10, 2013 , from
http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamhowardtafSlide21
Citations
About Woodrow Wilson. Retrieved November 10, 2013 , from
http://www.wilsoncenter.org/about-woodrow-wilson
(1996) Woodrow Wilson. Retrieved November 10, 2013 , from
http://www.history.com/topics/woodrow-wilson
(2006) Woodrow Wilson. Retrieved November 10, 2013 , from
http://m.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/woodrowwilson