By Jasmine Johnson amp Meredith Frazier Tattoos why do people get them Self Expression used to express a unique personality Sentimental Value used for permanent memorabilia Trendy just because everyone else is doing it ID: 419784
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Slide1
The history and evolution of tattoos and tattooing
By
Jasmine Johnson & Meredith FrazierSlide2
Tattoos: why do people get them?
Self Expression
- used to express a unique personality
Sentimental Value
- used for permanent memorabilia
Trendy
- just because everyone else is doing it
G
roup Identification
- used to show membership of a family, organization, tribe, etc.
Symbolism for Beliefs
- used to represent any kind of personal beliefs
Slide3
Ancient tattoos
History of the first tattoo is almost impossible to trace
Tattoos have a vast history across the globe dating back over 12,000 years
Oldest evidence of a tattoo culture discovered by French excavators Saint-Just &
Marthe
P
équart
(early 1940s)
Dates back to around 10,000 B.C.
Grooved needles made from bones
“ochre”- colored iron oxide deposits, clay & waterSlide4
Ancient egyptyan
tattoo culture
Thriving tattoo culture as early as 4,000 B.C.
Female figurines and tomb depictions
Bronze
tattooing tools dating back to 1,450 B.C. found in
Gurob
(Northern Egypt) by archeologist W.M.F. Petrie
Seemingly a practice strictly for females
Female mummies from around 2,000 B.C.Slide5
Tattooed women in ancient egypt
Multiple female mummies with permanent skin markings found in
Akhmim
Believed to have been “dancing girls” or “concubines”
High priestess
Amunet
buried at
Deir
el-
Bahari
(Luxor)
Anatomical distribution of markings suggests therapeutic use of tattoos
Upper and inner thighs
Abdomen
Also believed to be used for protection during pregnancy and childbirth
Depictions of household deity Bes
Net like abdominal patternSlide6
This is an ancient Egyptian figurine depicting the patterns of permanent markings on females around 2,000 B.C.
(“Ancient Egyptian Figurine”, Decamps)Slide7
Ötzi the iceman
Discovered by passing tourists in 1991 near the Italian-Austrian border
Named after the
Ötztal
region where he was found
Frozen since around 3,100 B.C. (about 5,200 years old)
57 carbon tattoos of mostly lines, dots and crosses
Odd placement (lower spine, knees and ankle joints)
Believed to have been therapeutic Slide8
(“
Ötzi
the Iceman: Up close and personal”,
Staschitz
&
Samadelli
)Slide9
Giolo the tattooed slave
Brought back to London from the Philippines by pirate and explorer William Dampier in 1691 with promises of fame and riches
A.K.A. the Painted Prince or Prince
Jeoly
Toured around at English carnivals as the first known exhibition of a human being for entertainment purposes
Died of smallpox within three months of his arrival in England Slide10
The “noble savage”
Polynesian man named
Omai
from the island of
Huaheine
(near Tahiti)
Brought back by Captain James Cook & toured by his colleague
Taught to assimilate into high English society
Wore robes that showed only his hands and arms
Was presented to King George III and Queen Charlotte
Attended the theatre and exclusive high class events as a novelty
Triggered a brief craze for tattoos among the elite
Returned home in 1776 with lots of money and expensive giftsSlide11
Portrait of
Omai
by Sir Joshua Reynolds being prepared for public display
(
The Tribune
)Slide12
A pivotal point in tattoo history
Voyages of Captain Cook became directed at observing in detail the body art of exotic lands and the tools used to create it
Deckhands brought back vivid accounts of tattoos which sparked huge interest among Europeans, especially English sailors
Constant interaction between sailors and circus folk in Europe and America formed the beginnings of the artistic tattoo culture of todaySlide13
“come one, come all!”
Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens, London 1772
Side shows and “freak shows” perfect vessel for tattoo culture
John Rutherford
World’s first “homegrown” tattooed man
Made his debut in Bristol, England in 1827
James F. O’Connell
First tattooed man exhibited in the U.S. in 1841
CLAIMED to have been captured and tattooed by natives of
Pohnpei
Bert Grimm
Famous artist from St. Louis
Told stories of tattooing Bonnie & Clyde & other famous outlaws in the 1930sSlide14
Top: (
Pednaud
)
Left & Bottom: (Corbett)Slide15
Tattooed ladies
Mainly for soldiers, sailors and tattooed men in side shows until…
Nora Hildebrandt!
Daughter of German tattoo artist Martin Hildebrandt (NYC)
Different tattoo every day of the year
Made her debut at
Bunnell’s
Museum in NYC in 1882
Went on the road with Barnum and Bailey’s Traveling Circus in the early 1890s
Usually wore a corset top with matching bloomers, pearls and a flirty feather hat (arguably the first pin-up girl)Slide16
Meredith in a past life…
(“Tattooed Ladies”
The Art of Pain
)
(Machado)Slide17
Painting of Annie and
Frank Howard, the world’s
f
irst tattooed couple who
m
ade their debut with
Barnum and Bailey’s Circus
i
n 1885. Both were tattooed
by Sam O’Reilly.
(“The Tattooed Couple”,
Kelley)Slide18
O’reilly’s gun
New York tattoo artist Samuel O’Reilly patented the first tattoo gun in 1891
Immigrated from Ireland around 1875
Operated a couple “shoebox” shops in NYC (Broadway & The Bowery in lower Manhattan)
Charles Wagner
O’Reilly’s apprentice
Improved on O’Reilly’s design and patented a newer version in 1904
Took over O’Reilly’s shop in The Bowery after his death in 1908 and continued to work there until his death in 1953Slide19
(“O’Reilly”
Tattoo Archive)
(“Wagner’s Gun”
McGrath &
Caissie
)Slide20
War on the naked lady
In 1909 the U.S. government proclaimed that young men could not enlist in the Navy if they had a naked lady tattoo which were extremely popular
This edict was reinstated for WWII, which led to the rise of the vintage pin-up girl tattoo
Also led to the idea of tattoo cover-ups
(
Michalak
)Slide21
“sailor jerry” the man, the myth, the legend
Norman “Sailor Jerry” Collins
Born on the west coast (A.KA. the best coast) in 1911
Father nicknamed him “Jerry” after the family mule
Traveled around the country hopping freight trains & doing hand-poking tattoos in his teens
Arrived in
C
hicago at age 19 & apprenticed with artist
Gib
“
Tatts
” Thomas
Enlisted in The Great Lakes Naval Academy & traveled the globe on schooner ships
Developed an obsession with Asian art and culture during his travels to the far east
(“The Man”
William Grant & Sons)Slide22
Settled in Honolulu in the 1920s and tattooed at his small shop on Hotel St. in Chinatown for the next 40 years
Extremely popular among sailors stationed at Pearl
Harbor
Often referred to as the “father” of old-school tattooing
His unique style of tattooing with a perfect mix of Asian and American influences led him to become the first American to infiltrate the highly secretive world of the Japanese
t
attoo masters called “
Horis
”
Died in Honolulu in 1973
Sailor Jerry company formed by fans
(“Sailor Jerry Business Card”
NY Tattoo School)Slide23
Trouble in paradise
By the 1950s the government (A.KA. “the man”) was cracking down on rules and regulations in tattoo shops
Sanitation, “obscene” tattooing, etc.
Led to many shop closings & artist retirements
(
Delacourt
) Slide24
The tattoo goes “mainstream”
1960s brought about the hippie culture
Younger generation
Young women began redefining what was/wasn’t socially acceptable
Janis Joplin
Rock n’ Roll singer from Texas (Big Brother and the Holding Company)
Racy personality & wasn’t afraid to show it
Florentine
bracelet (left wrist), small
heart design (
left breast) &
small flower
(right ankle)
all done by Lyle Tuttle in San Francisco, CA
(
Suer
)Slide25
Tattoos today
Extremely
safe/ sanitary if done by a professional
Still a somewhat controversial subject
Tattoos in the workplace
Generation gap
Successful artists in the world of business
Kat Von D (
LA Ink
,
Miami Ink
, High Voltage Tattoo, makeup line)
Ed Hardy (Christian
Audigier
, Hardy Marks Publishing Company)
Dirk Vermin (
Bad Ink
)
Tattoos in the media
Widely acceptable
TV shows, magazines, etc.
Celebrities and public figures with tattoosSlide26
Who has tattoos?
Poll by Harris Interactive
2,016 adults surveyed online from January 16-23 2012
1 in 5 U.S. adults have at least one tattoo (21% of U.S. population)
Also, of those surveyed…
86% do not regret
30% sexier
25% rebellious
21% more attractive/strong Slide27
Works Cited
Adams, Mark. "History of Tattooing."
History of Tattooing
.
Tribaland
,
n.d.
Web. 15 Apr. 2014.
Corbett,
Cailee
. Circus side show. Digital image.
OTIS Learning Portfolio
.
Diglication
, 25 Feb. 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2014.
Corbett,
Cailee
. Painted banner advertising tattoo artist
Stoney
St. Clair. Digital image.
OTIS Learning Portfolio
.
Diglication
, 25 Feb. 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2014.
Decamps, Christian. Ancient Egyptian Figurine. Digital image.
History and Civilization
. History and Civilization, Dec. 2012. Web. 14 Apr. 2014
.
Delacourt
, Susan.
1950's Angry Politician
. Digital image.
National Post Full Comment Susan Slide28
Works Cited Cont..
Harris
Interactive, comp. "Table 1 WHO HAS TATTOOS?"
Harris Interactive
.
N.p
.,
n.d.
Web. 3
Apr
. 2014.
Hartzman
, Marc. "Opening Bally." Introduction.
American Sideshow: An Encyclopedia of
History's Most Wondrous and Curiously Strange Performers
. New York: Jeremy P.
Tarcher
/Penguin, 2005. 2-3. Print.
Kelley, Pat.
The Tattooed Couple
. Digital image.
Sideshow World
. Pat Kelley Illustration, May 2010. Web. 15 Apr. 2014.Slide29
Works Cited Cont..
Lineberry
, Cate. "Tattoos."
Smithsonian
. Smithsonian, 1 Jan. 2007. Web. 29 Mar. 2014
.
The
Man | Sailor Jerry
. Digital image.
Sailor Jerry
. William Grant& Sons, 2012. Web. 15 Apr. 2014
.
McGrath
, Matthew, and Jason
Caissie
. "Wagner's Gun."
MCGrathTattoos
. McGrath Tattoos,
n.d.
Web. 15 Apr. 2014
.
Michalak
, Jodie. Pin-Up Girl Tattoo. Digital image.
About.com
.
About.com
,
n.d.
Web. 21 Apr. 2014. Slide30
Works Cited Cont..
Pednaud
, J. T. Depictions of four tattooed men. Digital image.
The Human Marvels
. All Derivative Works,
n.d.
Web. 15 Apr. 2014
.
PORTLAND'S
INKED CITIZENS
. Digital image.
More Intelligent Life
. Economist Newspaper Limited, 2013. Web. 15 Apr. 2014
.
A
portrait of a
polynesian
prince by Sir Joshua Reynolds being prepared for public display. Digital image.
The Tribune
.
N.p
., 21 May 2005. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.
Sailor Jerry Business Card
. Digital image.
Sailor Jerry | Body and Soul Tattoos | Blog | Jersey City
. The Academy of Responsible Tattooing- NY Tattoo School, 2014. Web. 15 Apr. 2014.Slide31
Works Cited Cont..
Samuel
O'Reilly
. Digital image.
Samuel O'Reilly
. Tattoo Archive, 2011. Web. 15 Apr. 2014
.
Staschitz
,
Gregor
, and Marco
Samadelli
. "
Ötzi
the Iceman: Up Close and Personal
.”
NewScientist
.
NewScientist
, 13 May 2009. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.
Suer
, Kinsley.
Janis Joplin
. Digital image.
PCS Blog
. Portland Center Stage, 9 June 2011. Web.
15
Apr. 2014
.
The
Tattooed Ladies
. Digital image.
The Art of Pain
. Word Press,
n.d.
Web. 15 Apr. 2014.
Tucker, Abigail. "History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places | Smithsonian." History, Travel,
Arts, Science, People, Places | Smithsonian. Smithsonian, Oct. 2010. Web. 31 Mar. 2014. Slide32
Works Cited Cont..
Nieratko
, Chris. "Kat Von D."
Inked Magazine
.
N.p
., 18 Jan. 2008. Web. 11 Mar. 2014. "Biography."
Biography - Hardy Marks Publications and Don Ed Hardy Archive
. Hardy Marks
Publications
,
n.d.
Web. 11 Mar. 2014
.
Clerk
, Carol.
Vintage Tattoos: The Book of Old-school Skin Art
. New York, NY: Universe,
2009
. Print.