Transformations of North America APUSH Unit 1 14501700 1491 in North America ESP Structures Economic Social Political Arid SW amp Mexico Pueblo maize Pacific NW amp California ID: 767456
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Transformations of North America APUSH Unit 1 1450-1700
“1491” in North America “ESP” Structures: Economic – Social – Political Arid SW & MexicoPueblomaizePacific NW & CaliforniaChinookForaging & hunting
“1491” in North America Great Basin & W. Great Plains Shoshone/Ute lack of resourcesNortheast & Atl. SeaboardIroquois & Algonquian agriculture & hunter-gathererpermanent villagesTrade Network
“1491” in Africa West African Empires Ghana Empire (8th century) Mali Empire (13th century)Songhai Empire (15th century)Trans-Saharan TradeSmaller “mini-state” kingdomsCoastal Trade with Europeans
“1491” in Europe Renaissance Economics Desire for Asian goods1453 fall of Constantinople(search for new source of wealth)Emerging Nation-states(search for new power & status)Protestant Reformation(search for converts to Christianity)Science & Technologymaritime technology
Early European Exploration Portugal - Prince Henry the Navigator Spain - Ferdinand & IsabellaChristopher Columbus (1492)ConquistadoresJuan Ponce de LeonVasco Nunez de BalboaHernan Cortez 1.2-IIA 6
Contact: The Columbian Exchange Impact in Europe New crops Population growthMineral wealthfeudalism capitalismChanging European EconomiesNew TechnologySextant / astrolabeMethods of TradeJoint-stock companies Increased effort to explore & conquer New World“The 3-Gs”
Contact: The Columbian Exchange Impact in America Demographic, Economic & Social Changes Epidemics in AmericaSmallpox / influenzaNew crops & livestock in Americashorses / cowsimpact on settlement patternsRacially mixed populationsCasta systemmestizo / mulatto / zambo
Contact: The Columbian Exchange Impact in Africa exploitation of resources GoldSlave labor for AmericasLabor systemsMining & Agricultural LaborIndian labor – encomienda systemAfrican slavery
Contact: Divergent Worldviews mutual misunderstandings later…adoption of some parts of each other’s culture European viewsTreatment of Native AmericansHow “civilized” are they?Sepúlveda vs. Bartolomeo de las CasasWhite superiorityjustify subjugation of othersAttempts to change belief systems of othersReligion, family/gender roles, environment10 1.3
Intercont’l Contact & Worldviews Native American resistance Spanish mission system Juan de OñateAfrican Culture in the New World Caribbean & South AmericaMaroon communitiesMixing Christianity & traditional African religions111.3
Spanish Colonization Mostly men Tight, centralized control Convert and/or exploit Native AmericansPueblo Revolt, 1680Accommodation of American Indian cultureCalifornia missions, 1769-1833Bonded Indian laborSocial mobility for settlersCultural blendingcorridos / vaqueros12 2.1-IA, 2.2-IIB, 3.3-IC
French & Dutch Colonization Sent relatively few people Trade Alliances IntermarriageFur & other exports132.1-IB
English Colonization Agriculturally based colonies Large #s of men and women PurposeSocial & economic mobilityImproved living conditionsReligious FreedomHostile relationships with Native Americans142.1-IC
English Chesapeake colonies Jamestown, 1607 Virginia Company tobaccoheadright systemIndentured servitudeAfrican chattel slaveryHouse of Burgesses, 1619Maryland, 1632Act of Toleration, 164915 2.1-IIIB
New England Pilgrims – Plymouth, 1620 Mayflower Compact Puritans – Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630Great Migration, 1630-1640“City Upon a Hill”Providence, Rhode Island, 1636Roger WilliamsAnne Hutchinson 16 2.1-IIIA
Conflict with Native Americans Extension of European competition European desire for goods furs / tobaccoNew sources of laborPolitical instabilityPequot War, 1636Beaver Wars, 1630s-1660IroquoisHuron ConfederacyKing Phillip’s War, 1675-167617
Conflict with Native Americans Pueblo Revolt, 1680 Bacon’s Rebellion, 1676 Frontier instabilityResistance to colonial ruleImpact on labor system18 Nathaniel Bacon In this stained glass window, discovered and restored in the twentieth century, Bacon's social class and his commanding presence are both evident. (The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities at Bacon's Castle, Library of Virginia)