2 2 colloquial judicious crass prerogative discerning tacit hyperbole tactless inclusive whet TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the ID: 533858
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Slide1
Unit Five: Chapter 22
•
colloquial
•
judicious
•
crass
•
prerogative
•
discerning
•
tacit
•
hyperbole
•
tactless
•
inclusive
•
whetSlide2
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
–
adjective
• I enjoyed the lecturer’s easygoing, colloquial style. He made the topic more interesting than a stiff, formal speaker could have done.• Devan has two entirely different ways of talking: he uses colloquial, slangy words with his friends, but conventional, precise language at work.
Colloquial meansA. deceptive. B. unclear. C. informal.
1 colloquialSlide3
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
–
adjective
• I enjoyed the lecturer’s easygoing, colloquial style. He made the topic more interesting than a stiff, formal speaker could have done.• Devan has two entirely different ways of talking: he uses colloquial, slangy words with his friends, but conventional, precise language at work.
Colloquial meansA. deceptive. B. unclear. C. informal.
1 colloquial
A stiff, formal speaking style is contrasted with one that is easygoing and
informal
. The word
slangy
suggests that
colloquial
means “
informal
.”Slide4
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
2
crass– adjective• My brother enjoys a certain stand-up comic whom I find simply crass. I can’t understand what’s funny about being crude and insulting.•
The candidate lost the election after making a stupid joke about his opponent’s weight. We were amazed at the damage one crass comment can do.Crass meansA. humorless. B.
tasteless. C. meaningless. Slide5
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
2
crass– adjectiveCrass meansA. humorless.
B. tasteless. C. meaningless. The words crude and
insulting suggest that the stand-up comic’s performance is tasteless. It would be tasteless for a candidate to try to win laughs from his supporters by making comments about his opponent’s physical appearance.
•
My brother enjoys a certain stand-up comic whom I find simply
crass
. I
can’t understand
what’s funny about being crude and insulting.
•
The candidate lost the election after making a stupid joke about his
opponent’s weight
. We were amazed at the damage one
crass
comment can do.Slide6
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
3
discerning
– adjective• “That’s an extremely discerning comment,” the teacher said to Carmela. “Congratulations—you’ve been using your powers of observation.”
• Mothers are the most discerning people on earth, as you’ll agree if you’ve ever tried to hide anything from yours.Discerning meansA. observant.
B. nasty. C. bragging.
Painting:
Hans Holbein the Younger (1533)Slide7
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
3
discerning
– adjective• “That’s an extremely discerning comment,” the teacher said to Carmela. “Congratulations—you’ve been using your powers of observation.”
• Mothers are the most discerning people on earth, as you’ll agree if you’ve ever tried to hide anything from yours.Discerning meansA. observant.
B. nasty. C.
bragging.
Painting:
Hans Holbein the Younger (1533)
If
Carmela was using her powers of observation, then her comment must have been
observant
. Mothers are so
observant
that it’s difficult to hide anything from them. Slide8
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
4
hyperbole– noun• “My entire life will be ruined if you won’t let me borrow your dress!” said my sister, causing me to laugh at her hyperbole
.• Marcella is a very dramatic person who uses a lot of hyperbole to express herself: a restaurant is never just “good”—it’s “the most fabulous food in the universe”; her boyfriend isn’t just “good-looking”—he’s “divine beyond belief.”Hyperbole means
A. overstatement. B. compliment.
C.
accuracy. Slide9
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
4
hyperbole– noun• “My entire life will be ruined if you won’t let me borrow your dress!” said my sister, causing me to laugh at her hyperbole
.• Marcella is a very dramatic person who uses a lot of hyperbole to express herself: a restaurant is never just “good”—it’s “the most fabulous food in the universe”; her boyfriend isn’t just “good-looking”—he’s “divine beyond belief.”Hyperbole means
A. overstatement. B. compliment.
C.
accuracy.
It would
be an
overstatement
t
o say that a dress could save or ruin a person’s entire life.
It would be an
overstatement
to say that
a restaurant has the best food in the universe (or even the world), or that a person has a godlike appearance. Slide10
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
5
incisive– adjective• Ms. Martin is a great teacher. Her lectures are clear, incisive, and to the point.• Sherlock Holmes, the fictional detective, is famous for his
incisive mind. From just a few small clues, he makes brilliant deductions and solves the most difficult cases.Incisive meansA. silly. B. hesitant.
C. keen. Slide11
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
5
incisive– adjective• Ms. Martin is a great teacher. Her lectures are clear, incisive, and to the point.• Sherlock Holmes, the fictional detective, is famous for his
incisive mind. From just a few small clues, he makes brilliant deductions and solves the most difficult cases.Incisive meansA. silly. B. hesitant.
C. keen.
The words
clear
and
sharp
suggest that the teacher’s lectures are
keen
. Since Holmes can solve difficult cases from only a few small clues, he must have a
keen
mind. Slide12
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
6
judicious
– adjective• Merle’s decisions are judicious: he never does anything without careful thought.• It was not judicious
of Jen to stay up until 4 a.m. cramming for her exam. She was so exhausted when the test began that she couldn’t remember the answers to the questions.Judicious meansA. predictable. B. wise.
C. exaggerated.
Photo:
National Park ServiceSlide13
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
6
judicious
– adjective• Merle’s decisions are judicious: he never does anything without careful thought.• It was not judicious
of Jen to stay up until 4 a.m. cramming for her exam. She was so exhausted when the test began that she couldn’t remember the answers to the questions.Judicious meansA. predictable. B.
wise. C. exaggerated.
Photo:
National Park Service
The phrase “careful thought” suggests that Merle’s decisions are
wise
.
It was not
wise
to be so exhausted from staying up late that Jen couldn’t do well on the test.Slide14
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
7
prerogative– noun• Just because you told the salesman you might buy the car doesn’t mean you must buy it. You have the prerogative of changing your mind.
• A person suspected of a crime has the prerogative of refusing to answer questions unless his or her lawyer is present.Prerogative meansA. a choice.
B. a duty. C.
a belief.Slide15
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
7
prerogative– noun• Just because you told the salesman you might buy the car doesn’t mean you must buy it. You have the prerogative of changing your mind.
• A person suspected of a crime has the prerogative of refusing to answer questions unless his or her lawyer is present.Prerogative meansA. a choice.
B. a duty. C.
a belief.
Feeling that one must buy a car is contrasted with one’s right to make
a choice
and change one’s mind. Suspects have the
right to
make
a choice
not to answer questions without a lawyer. Slide16
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
8
tacit
– adjective• Rosemary and her boyfriend aren’t officially engaged, but they have a tacit understanding that they’ll be getting married sooner or later.•
Most families seem to have a tacit agreement about who sits where at the dining table. Everyone always takes the same place, although the seating has never been discussed.Tacit meansA. unusual.
B. unstated. C.
insensitive.
Photo:
White House – Chris GreenbergSlide17
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
8
tacit
– adjective• Rosemary and her boyfriend aren’t officially engaged, but they have a tacit understanding that they’ll be getting married sooner or later.•
Most families seem to have a tacit agreement about who sits where at the dining table. Everyone always takes the same place, although the seating has never been discussed.Tacit meansA. unusual.
B. unstated. C.
insensitive.
An official engagement announcement is contrasted with an
unstated
understanding. A family discussion is contrasted with a
unstated
agreement about where to sit.
Photo:
White House – Chris GreenbergSlide18
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
9
tactless– adjective• “If you don’t want to eat the spinach quiche,” Richard told his kids, “just say, ‘No, thanks.’ It’s tactless to say, ‘No, it’s yucky.’”
• “How could you have been so tactless?” Marie said to Jim. “Even if it’s true, you do not tell the hostess, ‘We’re really bored, so we’re going home now.’”Tactless meansA. long-winded.
B. insensitive. C.
intelligent. Slide19
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
9
tactless– adjective• “If you don’t want to eat the spinach quiche,” Richard told his kids, “just say, ‘No, thanks.’ It’s tactless to say, ‘No, it’s yucky.’”
• “How could you have been so tactless?” Marie said to Jim. “Even if it’s true, you do not tell the hostess, ‘We’re really bored, so we’re going home now.’”Tactless meansA. long-winded.
B. insensitive. C.
intelligent.
It is
insensitive
to tell someone their food is “yucky
.” It
is
insensitive
to tell
your hosts they’ve “really bored” you.Slide20
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
10
whet– verb• The opening scene of a TV drama must capture the audience’s attention immediately, to whet viewers’ interest in the story that is about to unfold.
• At newspaper stands in New York, the headlines are usually hidden from view. In London, however, headlines are boldly displayed. I wonder which system whets people’s curiosity more.Whet meansA. to arouse.
B. to account for.
C. to distract.Slide21
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the
boldfaced
word.
10
whet– verb• The opening scene of a TV drama must capture the audience’s attention immediately, to whet viewers’ interest in the story that is about to unfold.
• At newspaper stands in New York, the headlines are usually hidden from view. In London, however, headlines are boldly displayed. I wonder which system whets people’s curiosity more.Whet meansA. to arouse.
B. to account for.
C. to distract.
An opening scene that captures viewers’ attention is likely
to arouse
their interest in the rest of the story. In the second item, the speaker wonders what kind of newspaper display is more
likely
to arouse
people’s curiosity. Slide22
SENTENCE CHECK 1
2.
The
play seemed very realistic: the stage set looked just like an
ordinary apartment, and the dialog was ________—the characters used ordinary,
commonplace words and phrases.
1. I can spend a long time reading the dictionary. Looking up one word _______s my curiosity about another, and the time passes without my noticing.Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. colloquial B. crass C. discerningD. hyperbole
E. incisive
F.
judicious
G.
prerogative
H. tacit
I.
tactless
J.
whetSlide23
SENTENCE CHECK 1
2.
The
play seemed very realistic: the stage set looked just like an
ordinary apartment, and the dialog was ________—the characters used ordinary,
commonplace words and phrases.
1. I can spend a long time reading the dictionary. Looking up one word _______ my curiosity about another, and the time passes without my noticing.Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. colloquial B. crass C. discerningD. hyperbole
E. incisive
F.
judicious
G.
prerogative
H. tacit
I.
tactless
J.
whet
The first word
stimulates
enough curiosity to keep reading
the
dictionary.
In
informal, conversational
dialog, people use ordinary, commonplace words and phrases.
whets
colloquialSlide24
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
4.
The TV journalist is famous for her
_________ questioning. Her sharp, pointed questions quickly reveal her subjects’ real thoughts and feelings.
5. Before Uncle Trevor came to visit, we brought out the hideous painting he had given us and hung it up again. He’s a(n) ________ man and would have noticed immediately if it was missing.3. True
, Aunt Myra can be irritating, but to call her “the most annoying person in the solar system” is _________.A. colloquial B.
crass C. discerning
D.
hyperbole
E.
incisive
F.
judicious
G.
prerogative
H
.
tacit
I.
tactless
J.
whetSlide25
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
4.
The TV journalist is famous for her
_________ questioning. Her sharp, pointed questions quickly reveal her subjects’ real thoughts and feelings.
5. Before Uncle Trevor came to visit, we brought out the hideous painting he had given us and hung it up again. He’s a _________ man and would have noticed immediately if it was missing.3. True
, Aunt Myra can be irritating, but to call her “the most annoying person in the solar system” is _________.A. colloquial B.
crass C. discerning
D.
hyperbole
E.
incisive
F.
judicious
G.
prerogative
H
.
tacit
I.
tactless
J.
whet
The quotation is an
obvious exaggeration used for emphasis
, not accuracy.
Sharp
, pointed
questions would result in
clear, penetrating
questioning.
A
perceptive
person would notice a missing object.
hyperbole
incisive
discerningSlide26
SENTENCE CHECK 1
7
.
The salesclerk seemed to make a(n) _______ assumption that I had a lot of money to spend
on a coat. She lost interest when I said that I was on a tight budget.6
. I love my older brother, but his ________ behavior at the wedding embarrassed me. He insisted on kissing every woman there and told loud, unfunny jokes.Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. colloquial B. crass C. discerning
D. hyperbole
E. incisive
F.
judicious
G.
prerogative
H.
tacit
I.
tactless
J.
whetSlide27
SENTENCE CHECK 1
7
.
The salesclerk seemed to make a _________ assumption that I had a lot of money to spend
on a coat. She lost interest when I said that I was on a tight budget.6
. I love my older brother, but his ________ behavior at the wedding embarrassed me. He insisted on kissing every woman there and told loud, unfunny jokes.Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. colloquial B. crass C. discerning
D. hyperbole
E. incisive
F.
judicious
G.
prerogative
H.
tacit
I.
tactless
J.
whet
Kissing all the women is an example of
coarse and vulgar
behavior.
Before the shopper talked about a budget, the salesclerk made an assumption based on something implied but
not spoken
.
crass
tacitSlide28
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
9
.
Years ago, schools used to hold “Sadie Hawkins Day” dances, to which girls had the __________ of inviting boys. But these days, girls don’t need a special day
to exercise that right.10. Dropping out of school is seldom a(n) ________ decision, but many young people spurn° their opportunity to get an education and drop out anyway.8
. It was rather _________ of Jon to brag about his great new job in front of Stan, who had just lost his. No wonder Stan walked away in a fit of pique°!A.
colloquial B. crass C
. discerning
D.
hyperbole
E.
incisive
F.
judicious
G.
prerogative
H
.
tacit
I.
tactless
J.
whetSlide29
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
9
.
Years ago, schools used to hold “Sadie Hawkins Day” dances, to which girls had the __________ of inviting boys. But these days, girls don’t need a special day
to exercise that right.10. Dropping out of school is seldom a _________ decision, but many young people spurn° their opportunity to get an education and drop out anyway.8
. It was rather _________ of Jon to brag about his great new job in front of Stan, who had just lost his. No wonder Stan walked away in a fit of pique°!A.
colloquial B. crass C
. discerning
D.
hyperbole
E.
incisive
F.
judicious
G.
prerogative
H
.
tacit
I.
tactless
J.
whet
Jon’s
lack of sensitivity
wounded Stan’s pride and made him angry.
The word
right
suggests that inviting boys used to be
a special privilege
.
Dropping out of school is not
prudent
because it limits opportunities.
tactless
prerogative
judicious