Anemia and Iron deficiency are common global nutritional problems Physiological changes will depend on Duration Severity Onset rapid or slow onset Associated comorbid conditions and other deficiencies ID: 933339
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Slide1
IMPACT OF ANEAMIA IN PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP
Slide2-
Anemia
and Iron deficiency are common global
nutritional
problems
- Physiological changes will depend on
Duration
Severity
Onset-
rapid
or
slow
onset
Associated comorbid conditions and other deficiencies.
Slide3Compensatory physiological changes:
- Decreased oxygen carrying capacity
-
Increased cardiac output
- Increased levels of 2,3
diphosphoglycerate
.
- Shift in oxygen dissociation curve.
Slide4Effects of Iron Deficiency may develop before onset of Anemia
- Brain enzymes involved in cognition and behavior
-
Permanent adverse effects on learning and behavior
- The changes in infancy may be irreversible.
- Beyond infancy also there is impact on learning capacity and intelligence
- Linear growth may also be affected.
(
Nutri
research
Vol
18,1998)
Slide5In Intrauterine Life.
Maternal malnutrition and Anemia:
- Increased risk of
IU
GR
- High perinatal and childhood morbidity.
(
Endorine
research
vol
30,2004,
Supriya
D
Mahajan
AIIMS Delhi.
Slide6Most Remain Asymptomatic
- Even pallor appears when
Hb
is below 7-8
gm
/dl.
- Gradual
onset-good
compensation
- Child limits his physical actives within his endurance.
- Breathlessness level
deveops
only when other
comorbid
conditions are present or there is sudden unaccustomed physical exertion.
Slide7Impact on physical Activities:
- Significantly reduced
- May appear as lack of interest
- Easy
fatiguability
- Dyspnea
- Effort intolerance.
Slide8Non-hematologic Effects of iron deficiency, may be before
onset
of anemia .
- May be irreversible effect on
cognition
and
learning.
- Risk of seizures.
- Strokes
- BHS
- Pica- Lead ingestion
-
Pagophagia
Slide9Other effects
- Hair loss and
thining
- Nails brittle and grooved
- Impaired immune functions
- Developmental delay
- Growth faltering
- Behavior problems.
Slide10Iron had other functions
-
Hb
- As transport medium for electrons within the
cells
in the form of cytochromes.
-
Facilitates
various oxygen enzyme reactions.
Slide11Severe Anemia < 5 gm/dl
- Irritability , Headache
- Anorexia
-
Lathargy
- Tachycardia
- Cardiac Failure.
Slide12Features of Folic acid deficiency
- Irritability
- Chronic Diarrhea
- Poor weight gain , FTT
-
Hypogammaglobulinemia
severe infections.
- Neurologic abnormalities
- Cognitive delay
Slide13Cobalmin
Deficiency.
- Weakness
- Lethargy
- Feeding Difficulties
- FTT
- Irritability
-
Glossitis
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Icterus
Slide14Neurologic features of
Cobalmin
deficiency.
-
Paresthesias
- Sensory
deficits
-
Hypotonia
- Seizures
- Development delay and regression
- Neuropsychiatric changes
-
They
may appear before fall in
Hb
.
Classic
traid
: Weakness , sore tongue and
paresthesicasis
Slide15Anemia in
Adolesence
- Menstrual irregularities
Slide16Conclusion
- Physical activities –
-
Participation
in sports / group play
- Learning capacity.
- Physical Growth
- Development Delay
- Changes may be permanent
- Prevention
and early
identification.