Jeff Wiegert PhD Texas AampM AgriLife Extension Swine Specialist jwiegerttamuedu 9794586676 TPPA Summer Webinar Series June 30 2020 Takeaway Maintain ideal body condition to promote sow performance ID: 930381
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Slide1
Feeding the swine breeding herd
Jeff Wiegert, PhDTexas A&M AgriLife Extension Swine Specialistjwiegert@tamu.edu; 979-458-6676
TPPA Summer Webinar Series; June 30, 2020
Slide2Takeaway
Maintain ideal body condition to promote sow performance
Images: National Hog Farmer; pigadvocate.com
Slide3Thin sows
Poor farrowing ratePoor litter sizeReduced herd stayability
Fat sows
Good farrowing rate
Uterine fat deposition
Poor farrowing kinetics (dystocia)
Mammary fat deposition
Poor milking ability / piglet growth
Occupy more space in crate
More pigs laid on
Reduced number of pigs weaned
Greater feed costs
Reduced herd stayability
Sow body condition
Image: National Hog Farmer
Slide4Objectives
Nutrient requirements throughout gestation Feeding to ideal body condition
Feeding in lactation and the dry period
Slide5Gestation requirements
Maternal body maintenance (75 to 85%)Maternal body growth (15 to 25%)
Body tissue growth (greater in gilts)
Embryo and fetal tissue
Placenta and placental fluid
Uterine tissue
Mammary tissue
Image: W. Singleton, Purdue Animal Science
Slide6Gestation requirements
NRC. 2012. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. National Academies Press. Washington, DC.
On paper
, “bump feeding” should improve sow performance
4
lb
/d
6
lb
/d
Slide7Gestation requirements
Effects of late gestation nutrient intake on sow performance
Mean lysine intake = 15.9 g / d
Upper range limit = 31.5 g / d
Lower range limit = 8.2 g / d
n=376 sows
Slide8Piglet birth weight
Total nutrient intake d 93 of gestation to farrowing
No effect of lysine or energy intake on piglet birth weight
Wiegert. 2019. Effects of practically increasing amino acids and energy in late gestation on colostrum intake, colostrum composition and sow performance. PhD Diss. North Carolina State University. Raleigh, NC.
Slide9Total nutrient intake d 93 of gestation to farrowing
No effect of lysine or energy intake on litter preweaning survival(NBA + NSB)
Litter survival
Wiegert. 2019. Effects of practically increasing amino acids and energy in late gestation on colostrum intake, colostrum composition and sow performance. PhD Diss. North Carolina State University. Raleigh, NC.
Slide10Piglet weaning weight
Wiegert. 2019. Effects of practically increasing amino acids and energy in late gestation on colostrum intake, colostrum composition and sow performance. PhD Diss. North Carolina State University. Raleigh, NC.
Total nutrient intake d 93 of gestation to farrowing
No effect of lysine or energy intake on piglet weaning weight (sow milking ability)
Slide11Gestation requirements
Gilts*
Sows
Assumed maternal weight gain,
lb
115
80
Daily caloric requirement
~7,000
~~6,100
Daily
lysine requirement, g
~14
~11
Daily feed required,
lbs
5.0
4.0
*Assumes gilt is ~7 months of age and ~300
lbs
Feed to body condition throughout gestation
Don’t bump feed unless sows are thin ~3
wks
prior to farrowing
Assume ~1,500 calories /
lb
(pretty common)
Johnston. 2010. Gestating swine nutrient recommendations and feeding management. USPCE Pork Information Gateway 07-01-11.
Slide12Gestation requirements
+1 lb / day for thin sows-0.5 lb / day for fat sows
Severe feed restriction can impair fetal pig muscle development and birthweight
Breeding d 10 d 20 d 30 d 40 d 50 d 60 d 70 d 80 d 90 d 110
Score body condition regularly throughout gestation
Slide13Sow body condition
Dr. Mark
Knauer
NC State Swine Extension Specialist
mtknauer@gmail.com
Slide14Gestation feeding
Other considerations:Number and uniformity of sows per penAt least 16 ft2 / sow
Feeding stanchions
Uniform to limit competition
Image:
Vittetoe
Slide15Gestation feeding
Other considerations:
Number and uniformity of sows per pen
Accuracy of sow feeding methods
Image: Hog Slat
Slide16Gestation feeding
Prior to farrowing:Do not cut feed intake
Increase meals per day (ex. 2 lbs morning + 2 lbs evening)
Reduce constipation / compaction
Increase available blood glucose
Slide17Lactation feeding
Does feed intake drive milk production?Or does milk production drive feed intake?
Image credit:
Biomin
Slide18Lactation requirements
NRC. 2012. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. National Academies Press. Washington, DC.
The goal of lactation feeding is to limit loss of sow body condition
Slide19Diet comparison
Gestation diet
Lactation diet
Average
daily feed intake,
lb
15
15
SID Lysine, % of diet
0.50
0.92
SID Lysine
intake, grams per day
34.1
62.7
Calories
per
lb
1,500
1,700
Calorie
intake per day
22,500
25,500
At peak lactation: sow needs: ~25,000 calories and 60 g lysine / day
Slide20Lactating sows
Underfeeding sows in lactation causes:Decreased piglet growth:Ideal sow BCS at farrowing: late in lactation (> 21 d)Thin sow BCS at farrowing: earlier in lactation
Increased sow body weight loss
Poor subsequent reproductive performance
(Long WEI, poor farrowing rate, small litter size, etc.)
Slide21Lactating sows
4 lbs / d + 1 lb / piglet is not a bad rule of thumbBuild up to full feeding graduallyFeed multiple times / day
Encourage intakeLimit feed spoilage
Particularly important during hot months
Best practice: let the sow eat to appetite
Slide22Lactating sows
“Self feeders” or “ad libitum feeders”
Image credits: Hog Slat, Osborne Livestock Equipment
Slide23Dry sow requirements
Feed gestation diet to body condition (4 lb / d)Good opportunity to feed to target body conditionDon’t lose track of sows!1 extra lb
per day 1 extra
lb
body weight per week
8 months between reproductive events 30+
lbs
/ sow
Slide24Conclusions
Focus on feeding to ideal body conditionAsk others to look at your pigs4 lbs / d sows; 5 lbs
/ d giltsAssuming young gilts
Ensure each pig get’s their share; each caretaker knows their role
Slide25Resources
http://porkgateway.org/
Jeff Wiegert
jwiegert@tamu.edu
979-458-6676
Slide26Nutrient requirements
Gilts
Sows
Assumed maternal weight gain,
lb
115
80
Daily caloric requirement
~7,000
~~6,100
Daily
lysine requirement, g
~14
~11
Daily feed required,
lbs
5.0
4.0
Gilts:
1 kg feed = 6 g lysine
14 g required / 6 g per kg = 2.3 kg feed
2.3 kg * 2.2 conversion factor =
5.0
lbs
feed
Sows:
1 kg feed = 6 g lysine
11 g required / 6 g per kg = 1.8 kg feed
1.8 * 2.2 conversion factor =
4.0
lbs
feed
Assume ~1,500 calories /
lb
(pretty common)
Johnston. 2010. Gestating swine nutrient recommendations and feeding management. USPCE Pork Information Gateway 07-01-11.
Slide27Feeding boars
Feed gestation diet at intake equivalent to similarly-sized femalesYoung boars: ~5 lb / dOlder boars: ~4 lb
/ d Thin boars: poor semen quality; fat boars: poor libido
Heavy boars may be unable to naturally mate small females
Working boars require additional feed:
+0.25
lb
/ d for each ejaculate
wk
Whitney and
Baidoo
. 2010. Breeding boar nutrient recommendations and feeding management. USPCE Pork Information Gateway. 07-01-13.