Prepared by ICARKrishi Vigyan Kendra West Garo Hills Meghalaya African swine fever ASF is a highly contagious viral disease infecting domestic and wild pigs of all ages which is responsible for serious economic and production losses with mortality rates up to 100 It is caused by a larg ID: 918682
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AFRICAN SWINE FEVER (ASF)Prepared byICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, West Garo Hills, Meghalaya
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease infecting domestic and wild pigs of all ages, which is responsible for serious economic and production losses with mortality rates up to 100%. It is caused by a large double-stranded DNA virus of the family
Asfarviridae and the only known arthropod-borne DNA virus.
What is African Swine Fever?
How does it transmit?
Clinical Signs
High fever 40-42°C, loss of appetite, depression and lethargic- sometimes refusal to stand or move
Very unsteady when stood up, vomiting and/or diarrhoea with bloody dischargeWhite skinned pigs: extremities (nose, ears, tail and lower legs) become cyanotic (blue-purple colour)Discrete haemorrhages appear in the skin particularly on the ears and flanksGroup will huddle together and are usually shivering, abnormal breathingHeavy discharge from eyes and/or nose, comatose state and death within a few daysSome pigs can show conjunctivitis with reddening of the conjunctival mucosa and ocular discharges.
Prevention and Control
No Vaccine
No Treatment
The only way to control the disease is by implementing
strict biosecurity
measures
Routinely inspect the health of pig herds at least twice a day
Consult a vet or report competent authority about any unusual illness or death of the pigsImmediately isolate sick pigs from the healthy herdPig sty should be cleaned and disinfected ( with 0.5-1% bleaching powder or 1% lime or 1% caustic soda) regularlyA footbath with a suitable disinfectant solution with 1% lime or potassium permanganate (3:10000) be placed at the entrance pig shedAll staff on farm should be inducted onto a strict programme of hand and equipment sanitization before and after contact with pigs , vehicles should be disinfected on entering and leaving farmsNo movement of pigs or any products of pig originDo not leave food waste exposed for wild swine species to access. Dispose of food waste properlyAll infected and in-contact pigs must be slaughteredCarcasses and bedding /litter must be burnt or buried deeply
The virus can survive in carrier pigs, in infected buildings and for up to 4 years in infected Ornithodorus ticks.
African Swine Fever is not a risk to human health