HighRise Field Experiments HighRise Toolkit Whats inside Full Report Dept of Commerce release notes 10 Fact Sheets Executive Summary DVD of photos Contact information for requests Subjects of Further Discussion ID: 533982
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Multiphase Study on Firefighter Safety a..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Multiphase Study on Firefighter Safety and the Deployment of Resources
High-RiseField ExperimentsSlide2
High-Rise Toolkit
What’s inside?
Full Report
Dept. of Commerce release notes
10 Fact SheetsExecutive SummaryDVD of photosContact information for requestsSlide3
Subjects of Further Discussion
Timing Performance in Experimental Search
Generating % comparison tables
Time-to-Task Data
Determining design fire for modelFED Model ResultsSlide4
Experimental Search Data
pages 64-68Slide5
Reading Button PlotsSlide6
3-Person 10
th Floor SearchSlide7
4
-Person 10th Floor SearchSlide8
5
-Person 10th Floor SearchSlide9
6
-Person 10th Floor SearchSlide10
Comparison Time Data
pages 138-146Slide11
Generating % Tables
Starting with synthetic data…
Differences are found by subtracting the row time data from the column time data.Slide12
Generating
% Tables
Divide differences by the time value of the column. Slide13
Generating
% Tables
Convert to % by multiplying previous by 100.Slide14
Fire Out ComparisonSlide15
Floor 10 Search ComparisonSlide16
Overall Time ComparisonSlide17
Time-to-Task Datap
ages 69-83Slide18
Reading the GraphsSlide19
Attack Line Pathway Slide20
Advance Attack LineSlide21
Advance Second LineSlide22
Fire OutSlide23
Search Patterns: Fire FloorSlide24
Search and Rescue Fire Floor (10
th Floor)Slide25
Victim #1
Found (Fire Floor)Slide26
Search Patterns: Floor Above FireSlide27
Search and Rescue Floor Above the Fire (11
th) Slide28
Victim #2 Found
Floor Above the FireSlide29
3-person Crew OperationsSlide30
4-Person Crew OperationsSlide31
5-Person Crew OperationsSlide32
6-Person Crew OperationsSlide33
Fire Modeling and the Fractional Effective Dosepages 84-95Slide34
Design FireSlide35
Fire + SuppressionSlide36
Water on Fire / Fire Out
Crew Size
Ascent Method
Average Water on Fire Time (MM:SS)
Average Fire Out Time (MM:SS)
3
Stairs
18:48
28:04
4
Stairs
17:01
26:22
3
Elevator
15:45
26:48
5
Stairs
15:19
24:33
6
Stairs
14:52
21:17
4
Elevator
14:47
24:02
5
Elevator
14:21
23:20
6
Elevator
12:10
19:32Slide37
Tenability: FED
FED Value Range
Estimated Population Range of Incapacitation
FDS-Smokeview Coloring
0.0 < FED ≤ 0.3
0.0 < % ≤ 11
0.3 < FED ≤ 1.0
11 < % ≤ 50
1.0 < FED ≤ 3.0
50 < % ≤ 89
FED > 3.0
% > 89
Slide38
Tenability During Search: Stairs
4-Person Crews
3-Person Crews
6-Person Crews
5-Person CrewsSlide39
Tenability During Search: Elevator
4-Person Crews
3-Person Crews
6-Person Crews
5-Person CrewsSlide40
Tenability / Search CompleteSlide41
Crew Size ComparisonSlide42
Conclusions
When responding to medium growth rate fire on the 10th floor, 3-person crews ascending to the fire floor confronted an environment where the fire had released 60% more heat energy than the fire encountered by the 6-person crews doing the same work.
Larger fires
expose firefighters to greater risks and are more challenging to suppress.Slide43
Conclusions
2) Larger fires produce more risk
exposure
for building occupants.
In general, occupants being rescued by smaller crews and by crews that used the stairs rather than the elevators, were exposed to significantly greater dose of toxins from the fire.Slide44
Standards of Cover
Resource distribution is associated with geography of the community travel time to emergenciesDistribution is typically measured by the percent of the jurisdiction covered by the first-due units. Concentration is also about geography
arranging of multiple resources,
spacing them so that an initial "effective response force" can arrive on scene within time frames establishedSlide45
Conclusions
3) Properly engineered and operational fire sprinkler system
drastically reduces the risk exposure for both the building occupants and the firefighters
.
According to NFPA:~ 40% of buildings are NOT sprinklered
Sprinkler systems fail in about one in 14 fires
Fire departments
should
be prepared
to manage
the risks associated with
unsprinklered
high-rise building fires.Slide46
Next Steps
Urban Fire Forum High Rise Implementation Guide 1st Edition – Community Risk Assessment (Residential- Low Hazard)
2
nd
Edition – Community Risk Assessment: High-Rise Implementation GuideNFPA 1710 CommitteeProposed language – Public Comment closed May 16, 2014.Revision scheduled for release May 2015Slide47
Next Steps
2nd Edition – Community Risk Assessment:
High-Rise Implementation GuideSlide48
Matching Resources to Risk
If fire department resources (both mobile and personnel) are deployed to match the risk levels inherent to hazards in the community, it has been scientifically demonstrated that the community will be far less vulnerable
to negative outcomes in…
firefighter injury and death civilian injury and death property loss Slide49
Matching Resources to Risk
Following a community hazard/risk assessment, Chiefs must prepare a plan for timely and sufficient coverage of
each
hazard and the adverse risk events that occur….
Standard of Response Coverage. (Standards of Cover)Total number of fires occurring annually should NOT be the sole driver of crew size, overall staffing or on scene assembly needs. Standards of response coverage is defined as the written policies and procedures that establish the distribution and concentration of fixed and mobile resources of an organizationSlide50
Matching Resources to Risk
Response time goals for first-due units (distribution) and …Response time goals for the total effective on-scene emergency response force (concentration) … …Drive fire department objectives like fire station location, apparatus deployed and staffing levels. Slide51
Explaining to Decision Makers
If response times and force assembly times are low, …it is an indicator that sufficient resources have been deployed and outcomes from risk events are more likely to be positive. Conversely, if response times and force assembly times are high
,
it is an indicator of insufficient resources and outcomes from risk events are more likely to be
negative.Slide52
Fire Service Leaders Faced with Decisions
Decisions must be based on understanding of relationship between community hazards and associated risk,basic
emergency response infrastructure
, including fire department response capability
outcomes of emergency incidents Considering these three elements AND the tools available to decision makers, a basic community vulnerability formula Slide53
Vulnerability Formula
Risk LevelToo few resources (-)= (-) Outcome Risk LevelAppropriate Resources (+)= (+) Outcome Slide54
High-Rise Guide (pg 15)
High-Rise/High HazardDispatch 4 engines, 4 trucks, 3 ambulances, 2 BCsWith 5 or 6 FF per companyInitial response total 50 – 58First engine in 4 minutesFull initial alarm in 8 minutesSlide55
What’s Next?
Fire Prevention and Safety Grant award pending
Vulnerability Assessment Tool