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Slavery: Slave Narratives Slavery: Slave Narratives

Slavery: Slave Narratives - PowerPoint Presentation

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Slavery: Slave Narratives - PPT Presentation

AM103 David Lambert 16 November 2015 Humanist vs quantification A cademic scholarship on transatlantic slavery can schematically be divided between two opposed theoretical camps first what may be called the ID: 688322

narratives slave slavery narrative slave narratives narrative slavery caribbean neo olaudah influences 1820s interesting equiano total research anti life

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Slide1

Slavery:Slave Narratives

AM103

David Lambert

16 November 2015Slide2
Slide3

‘Humanist’ vs ‘quantification’‘[A]

cademic

scholarship on transatlantic slavery can schematically be divided between two opposed theoretical camps: first, what may be called the

“humanist

and narrative

historians”

who emphasize the human experience of slavery and the trade slave and whose focus is frequently the gradual abolition of slavery; and, second,

the “quantification historians”

who take a statistical and

macrohistorical

approach and avoid the human aspect, which they associate with a lack of critical

distance’.

Raphael

Hörmann

and

Gesa

Mackenthun

(

eds

),

Human

Bondage in the Cultural Contact

Zone

(2010

), p.

11.Slide4

Quantitative vs qualitative research

'Quantitative research is, as the term suggests, concerned with the collection and analysis of data in numeric form. It tends to emphasize relatively large-scale and representative sets of data, and is often, falsely in our view, presented or perceived as being about the gathering of "facts". Qualitative research, on the other hand, is concerned with collecting and

analysing

information in as many forms, chiefly non-numeric, as possible. It tends to focus on exploring, in as much detail as possible, smaller numbers of instances or examples which are seen as being interesting or illuminating, and aims to achieve "depth" rather than "breadth".'

L.

Blaxter

, C. Hughes and M. Tight,

How to Research

, 1996 , p. 61.Slide5

Enslaved Africans disembarked in the Americas, 1501-1866

Destination

Number

%

of Caribbean sub-total

% of

total for the Americas

British Caribbean

2,318,252

48.32%

22.00%

French Caribbean

1,120,216

23.35%

10.63%

Spanish Caribbean

805,424

16.79%

7.64%

Dutch Caribbean

444,728

9.27%

4.22%

Danish Caribbean

108,998

2.27%

1.03%

Caribbean

sub-total

4,797,618

100.00%

45.53%

Brazil

4,864,374

 

46.16%

Spanish Mainland

487,488

 

4.63%

North America

388,747

 

3.69%

The

Americas - total

10,538,227

 

100.00%Slide6
Slide7
Slide8

Olaudah Equiano, or,

Gustavus

Vassa

, the African Slide9

Lecture structureThe slave narrative: InfluencesThe rise of anti-slavery sentimentTypes of slave narratives

Olaudah

Equiano’s

Interesting Narrative

Later forms:

WPA

slave narratives

Neo-slave narrativesSlide10

Influences on the slave narrative: captivity narrativesSlide11

Influences on the slave narrative: petitionary appealsSlide12

Influences on the slave narrative: religious tractsSlide13

Olaudah Equiano, or,

Gustavus

Vassa

, the African Slide14

Influences on the slave narrative:anti-slavery politicsSlide15

Rise of anti-slavery sentimentThe British abolitionist movement emerged from the 1770s because of…

The

evangelical revival, within and beyond the Anglican Church

The Enlightenment (a belief in progress)

The development of Romanticism (ideas of the

‘noble savage’)

The growth of free-

tradismSlide16

Influences on the slave narrative:anti-slavery politicsSlide17

Early slave narratives (1770s-1820s): Tales of religious redemptionSlide18

Early slave narratives (1770s-1820s): Tales of religious redemptionSlide19

Later slave narratives (from 1820s): Antislavery propagandaSlide20

Later slave narratives (from 1820s): Antislavery propagandaSlide21

Later slave narratives (from 1820s): Antislavery propagandaSlide22

Non-anglophone slave narrativesSlide23

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of

Olaudah

Equiano

(1789)Slide24

‘The stench of the hold while we were on the coast was so intolerably loathsome, that it was dangerous to remain there for any time, and some of us had been permitted to stay on the deck for the fresh air; but now that the whole ship's cargo were confined together, it became absolutely pestilential. The closeness of the place, and the heat of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us. This produced copious perspirations, so that the air soon became unfit for respiration, from a variety of loathsome smells, and brought on a sickness among the slaves, of which many died, thus falling victims to the improvident avarice, as I may call it, of their purchasers. This wretched situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains, now become insupportable; and the filth of the necessary tubs, into which the children often fell, and were almost suffocated. The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered the whole a scene of horror almost inconceivable’.

The Interesting Narrative of the Life

of

Olaudah

Equiano, Or

Gustavus

Vassa

, pp 51-52 (1794; 9

th

edition).Slide25

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano (1789)

Themes:

Appeals to the audience

Details the violence of slavery, including sexual abuse

Separation of enslaved families and marriages

Challenges contemporary racist stereotypes

Details impact of slavery on

enslaved people

and owners

Journey from slavery to freedom parallels that from heathenism to Christianity

13 editions in first five years after publication. Republished New York in 1791, and translatedSlide26

WPA slave narratives

The

Works Progress Administration

(WPA) was part of the New Deal

Its Federal Writers’

Project

interviewed

surviving ex-slaves during

1936-38 across

seventeen states

Slave

Narrative

Collection consists of 2300+ interviews with former slavesMost are first-person accounts of slave life and the respondents’ reactions to bondage from early 1860s and beforeSlide27

Interview with George Johnson, Mound Bayou, Mississippi,

September 1941

Interviewer

:

I want you to tell me how you got your name

?

Mr

George Johnson

: I got my name from President Jeff Davis. He was president of the Southern Confederacy. He owned my grandfather and my father. Brought them from Richmond, Virginia. My grandfather was a blacksmith. My father was a young kid,

wasn't

grown. And my father had learned how to write a little bit in Richmond, Virginia, before they brought him down here. Grandpa used to keep chalk in his shop to mark ??? things; and my father take a piece put in his pocket and pass in front master

Jeff's

house he write on the sidewalk. And so one morning master Jeff come by and saw that writing on the walk, he go back and ask the cook, [old lady named (?)]

Meli

,

Meliza

:

“There's

writing on the sidewalk, who writing out there

?”Slide28

Neo-slave narratives‘[

T]

hese

texts illustrate the centrality of the history and the memory of slavery to our individual, racial, gender, cultural, and national identities. Further, they provide a perspective on a host of issues…trauma and traumatic memories; the legacy of slavery (and other atrocities) for subsequent generations; the interconnectedness of constructions of race and gender; the relationship of the body to memory; the agency of the

enslaved’.

Valerie Smith, 'Neo-slave narratives' in

The Cambridge Companion to the African American Slave

Narrative

(2007), pp 168-9.Slide29

Neo-slave narrativesSlide30

Neo-slave narrativesSlide31

(Neo-)slave narratives on film