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The Cell Cycle How many chromosomes are in the middle cell? The Cell Cycle How many chromosomes are in the middle cell?

The Cell Cycle How many chromosomes are in the middle cell? - PowerPoint Presentation

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The Cell Cycle How many chromosomes are in the middle cell? - PPT Presentation

1 2 4 8 How many chromosomes are in the middle cell 1 2 4 8 At what part of the cell cycle would you see a chromosome that looks like this G 1 G 2 M S At what part of the cell cycle would you see a chromosome that looks like this ID: 659159

chromosomes cell dna chromosome cell chromosomes chromosome dna cells mitosis cytokinesis microtubules metaphase nuclear prophase nuclei animal chromatid vesicles

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Slide1

The Cell CycleSlide2

How many chromosomes are in the middle cell?

1

2 48 Slide3

How many chromosomes are in the middle cell?

1

2 48 Slide4

At what part of the cell cycle would you see a chromosome that looks like this

?

G1

G2 MS Slide5

At what part of the cell cycle would you see a chromosome that looks like this?

G

1G

2 MS Slide6

Although the chromosome begins M phase looking as shown below, when is it split?

prophase

prometaphasemetaphase

anaphasetelophaseSlide7

Although the chromosome begins M phase looking as shown below, when is it split?

prophase

prometaphase

metaphaseanaphasetelophaseSlide8

Which of the following best describes the kinetochore?

a structure composed of several proteins that

associate with the centromere region of a

chromosome and that can bind to spindle microtubulesthe centromere region of a metaphase chromosome at which the DNA can bind with spindle proteinsthe array of vesicles that will form between two dividing nuclei and give rise to the metaphase platethe ring of actin microfilaments that will cause the appearance of the cleavage furrowthe core of proteins that forms the cell plate in a dividing plant cellSlide9

Which of the following best describes the kinetochore?

a structure composed of several proteins that associate with the centromere region of a chromosome and that can bind to spindle microtubules

the centromere region of a metaphase chromosome

at which the DNA can bind with spindle proteinsthe array of vesicles that will form between two dividing nuclei and give rise to the metaphase platethe ring of actin microfilaments that will cause the appearance of the cleavage furrowthe core of proteins that forms the cell plate in a dividing plant cellSlide10

A new cell is found and separation of its chromosomes is examined. How would you interpret this result?

Chromosomes are

separated by microfilaments.

Chromosomes are not separated.Microtubules shorten at the centrosome end.Microtubules shorten at the chromosome end.Slide11

A new cell is found and separation of its chromosomes is examined. How would you interpret this result?

Chromosomes are

separated by microfilaments.

Chromosomes are not separated.Microtubules shorten at the centrosome end.Microtubules shorten at the chromosome end.Slide12

Which

of the following statements

about typical eukaryotic chromosomes just before and after M phase is INCORRECT?

These chromosomes are not in a fully condensed state.Both contain double-stranded DNA molecules.Both would have just one kinetochore structure associated with their centromere.Each has many proteins associated with the chromosomal DNA.Typically both are linear structures with distinct ends.Slide13

Which

of the following statements

about typical eukaryotic chromosomes just before and after M phase is INCORRECT?

These chromosomes are not in a fully condensed state.Both contain double-stranded DNA molecules.Both would have just one kinetochore structure associated with their centromere.Each has many proteins associated with the chromosomal DNA.Typically both are linear structures with distinct ends.Slide14

Which

of the following does

NOT need to happen during a successful mitotic cell division?Single-chromatid

chromosomes must be segregated in full sets of the genome.Exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes must happen before metaphase.The chromatin must condense fully so that the chromosomes are compact.Microtubules must be assembled as part of the spindle apparatus.Each of the chromosomes must start mitosis containing two DNA molecules.Slide15

Which

of the followin

g does NOT need to happen during a successful mitotic cell division?

Single-chromatid chromosomes must be segregated in full sets of the genome.Exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes must happen before metaphase.The chromatin must condense fully so that the chromosomes are compact.Microtubules must be assembled as part of the spindle apparatus.Each of the chromosomes must start mitosis containing two DNA molecules.Slide16

Which

of the following is

a INCORRECT description of how cytokinesis (see figures on next slide) in animals differs from that in most plants?

Animal cytokinesis separates the two new nuclei but not the cytoplasm, while plant cytokinesis separates both.Animal cytokinesis does not involve the fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles.Microfilaments play a role in animal cytokinesis but not in plant cytokinesis.The new separating plasma membrane is pulled inward in animals but grows outward in plants.Animal cytokinesis produces no new cell wall regions, while plant cytokinesis does.Slide17
Slide18

Which

of the followin

g is a INCORRECT description of how cytokinesis in animals differs from that

in most plants?Animal cytokinesis separates the two new nuclei but not the cytoplasm, while plant cytokinesis separates both.Animal cytokinesis does not involve the fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles.Microfilaments play a role in animal cytokinesis but not in plant cytokinesis.The new separating plasma membrane is pulled inward in animals but grows outward in plants.Animal cytokinesis produces no new cell wall regions, while plant cytokinesis does.Slide19

From prophase

through metaphase of

mitosis, each chromosome has _____ DNA molecules, while from anaphase through telophase of mitosis, each chromosome has _____ DNA molecule(s

).two; one2n; 1nhomologous; nonhomologouscondensed; decondensednonsister chromatid; sister chromatidSlide20

From prophase

through metaphase of

mitosis, each chromosome has _____ DNA molecules, while from anaphase through telophase of mitosis, each chromosome has _____ DNA molecule(s

).two; one2n; 1nhomologous; nonhomologouscondensed; decondensednonsister chromatid; sister chromatidSlide21

Of the events of a typical cell division listed below, which is most likely to occur THIRD in an animal cell that is going through mitosis

?

Kinetochore proteins associated with the

centromeres bind with associated microtubules.Segregation of complete genomic sets of chromosomes occurs.The nuclear envelope membranes are converted from flat bilayers into many spherical vesicles.The number of chromosomes in the cell doubles as double-chromatid chromosomes are split into pairs of single-chromatid chromosomes.Vesicles fuse to one another to form new nuclear envelope membranes.Slide22

Of the events of a typical cell division listed below, which is most likely to occur THIRD in an animal cell that is going through mitosis

?

Kinetochore proteins associated with the

centromeres bind with associated microtubules.Segregation of complete genomic sets of chromosomes occurs.The nuclear envelope membranes are converted from flat bilayers into many spherical vesicles.The number of chromosomes in the cell doubles as double-chromatid chromosomes are split into pairs of single-chromatid chromosomes.Vesicles fuse to one another to form new nuclear envelope membranes.Slide23

Which event will likely occur next in a

eukaryotic cell that is ending prophase (see figure) and will next enter

prometaphase

?The chromosome material will condense.Chromosomes will be moved toward alignment at the metaphase plate.Kinetochores will link some microtubules to the centromeres.The nuclear membranes will fragment into vesicles.Microtubules will elongateinto the nuclear space.Slide24

Which event will likely occur next in a

eukaryotic cell that is ending prophase (see figure) and will next enter

prometaphase

?The chromosome material will condense.Chromosomes will be moved toward alignment at the metaphase plate.Kinetochores will link some microtubules to the centromeres.The nuclear membranes will fragment into vesicles.Microtubules will elongate into the nuclear space.Slide25

Which

of the following is

NOT a typical trait of cancerous cells that makes them different from normal somatic cells?

Cancer cells often deactivate their apoptosis systems.Cancerous cells are not as sensitive to contact inhibition.The cell cycle often proceeds faster in cancer cells.Cancer cells are more mobile and less dependent on anchorage.Cancer cells have more effective DNA repair activities.Slide26

Which of the following is

NOT a typical trait of cancerous cells that

makes them different from normal somatic cells?

Cancer cells often deactivate their apoptosis systems.Cancerous cells are not as sensitive to contact inhibition.The cell cycle often proceeds faster in cancer cells.Cancer cells are more mobile and less dependent on anchorage.Cancer cells have more effective DNA repair activities.Slide27

Which

of

the following statements INCORRECTLY describes an aspect of an indicated point in the cell cycle?

During S phase, the DNA of each chromosome is replicated.Each chromosome during telophase has a single double-stranded DNA molecule.At the beginning of anaphase, the kinetochore on the chromosome loses its attachment to microtubules of the spindle.During G1, the DNA in the nuclear chromosomes is not all highly condensed.During metaphase, each chromosome consists of two double-stranded DNA helices linked together at a centromere.Slide28

Which

of

the following statements INCORRECTLY describes an aspect of an indicated point in the cell cycle?

During S phase, the DNA of each chromosome is replicated.Each chromosome during telophase has a single double-stranded DNA molecule.At the beginning of anaphase, the kinetochore on the chromosome loses its attachment to microtubules of the spindle.During G1, the DNA in the nuclear chromosomes is not all highly condensed.During metaphase, each chromosome consists of two double-stranded DNA helices linked together at a centromere.Slide29

Which of the following statements best explains this observation? A

cell in prophase of mitosis is successfully fused to a cell in G

2 of interphase, and then after fusion both nuclei are seen to have fully condensed chromosomes and to proceed on through mitosis.

Fusion of these cells is stressful, and stress induces cells to enter mitosis.A cytosolic mitotic promoting factor from the cell in prophase induced the nucleus from the cell in interphase to enter M phase.The production of items by the cell in G2 helps to induce the next stage of the cell cycle in both nuclei.The swapping of genes between the nuclei causes the induction of mitosis.The condensation of the chromosomes occurs whenever cells are fused.Slide30

Fusion

of these cells is stressful, and stress induces cells

to enter mitosis.

A cytosolic mitotic promoting factor from the cell in prophase induced the nucleus from the cell in interphase to enter M phase.The production of items by the cell in G2 helps to induce the next stage of the cell cycle in both nuclei.The swapping of genes between the nuclei causes the induction of mitosis.The condensation of the chromosomes occurs whenever cells are fused.Which of the following statements best explains this observation? A cell in prophase of mitosis is successfully fused to a cell in G2 of interphase, and then after fusion both nuclei are seen to have fully condensed chromosomes and to proceed on through mitosis.