identify and show human or humanlike emotions Reviews a number of studies that show that similar brain regions respond when dogs observe different emotional behaviors Amgydala Hypothalamus Most of limbic region ID: 1045740
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2. Kujula, et alLays out the argument that dogs evolved to both identify and show human or human-like emotionsReviews a number of studies that show that similar brain regions respond when dogs observe different emotional behaviorsAmgydalaHypothalamusMost of limbic region
3. Kujula, et alDogs appear to understandFairnessJealousyEmotional ContagionProsocial behaviorYawning contagion is prosocial behavior?Long term moods = cognitive judgment bias?Do we anthropomorphize our dogs’ moods?Or do dogs really show these “moods”?Argues that dogs have undergone selective emotional evolution due to contact with humans
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9. Behavior is not Black or whiteNot dichotomous but continuousMust look at behavior IN CONTEXT
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44. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cngtkR4Oo6Qhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVaCsgUpQeEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lS_wpDfcfZ8
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46. Dog VocalizationsDogs have variety of vocalizationsBarkingDeep/atonal sounds = aggression/agonistic intentgo awayStay awayHigh pitched tonal: subordinate/amicable intentionsPlay Come to meGrowls: social conflict; agonisticWhines: Social conflict, pain, distress
47. Dog VocalizationsVocalizations Show intent or purposeWild canids: Show body size of the “vocalist”Play growls and barks are different Always allow and listen to the growl (or whine or bark)This is communication about your dog’s emotional state!
48. Dog PlayExtends across lifespanTwo main kinds:Object playSocial playIn social play dogsUse action patterns borrowed from other contextsUnusal/elaborative/repetitiveBalanced: 50:50 ruleCan play with other species!
49. Are dog vocalizations meaningful during play?Yes: often adapted to and observed only during play interactionsPlay vocalizations seem to make the dog “bigger” than during an agonistic interactionBalint, et al., 2013 examined this48 adult dogsUsed looking preference test: Presented with 2 PPT slides: big dog/little dog and a growlExamined which slide the dogs looked at depending on the growl!Examined Food guarding barks vs. play barksA bark or a growl was interpreted as such REGARDLESS of the size of the dog!
50. Aggression most common behavior problem in dogsMany types of aggressionSome innateSome due to learning historySome due to interactionIt is NATURAL for a dog to defend itself; what we don’t want is unwarranted aggression
51. Territorial AggressionWild canids ARE territorial. live in certain area, defend this area from intruders. Wild canids are highly territorial: drive outsiders away from their territorySome domestic dogs display the same tendencies. Bark and charge at people/animals encroaching on their home turf.Often valued for this level of territorial behavior. Some dogs take this a step farther: attack and bite any intruderTerritorial aggression can occur along the boundary of house, yard, room, couchMale and female dogs are equally prone to territorial aggression.Puppies rarely territorial. Territorial behavior usually emerges at adolescence early adulthood; one to three years of age.
52. Protective AggressionDogs = social species: If one member in danger, the others rush to defend: this is protective aggressionPet dogs protect “their” family members or friendsSometimes only for those more vulnerable than themselves. Little kids or her litter of puppies. New baby is s “threat” to her people parents (think of the sounds that baby makes!)Both male and female dogs equally prone Puppies are rarely protective; emerges in adolescence or adulthood, at one to three years of age.
53. Resource GuardingDogs have left over evolutionary instinct to compete for food, nesting sites and mates to survive. Food or food bowl (sometimes even water bowl)ToysPeopleResting spotsUsually easy to identify because only aggressive when has something s/he covets. some dogs hide cherished things around the house; guard them from unsuspecting people or animals May even resource guard people!Male and female dogs are equally prone to possessive aggressionIS common in both puppies and adults.
54. Fear Aggression /Defensive AggressionWhen afraid of something: 3 step (fear, flight, fight) processAvoid situationEscape: get away from it: Aggression if corneredCan be afraid of a person/animal/thing/ thing a human isn’t aware of but the dog can sense
55. Fear Aggression /Defensive AggressionNote: when “aggressor” turns back, may attack!“I’ll get you before you get me!”avoid turning your back on a fearful dog. Fear aggression is characterized by rapid nips or bites: bite and then run away.Aggression may not begin with clear threats or warningIt is the fearful posture, retreat or running away and avoidance that IS the cue!Male and female dogs are equally prone to fear aggressionCommon in both puppies and adults.
56. Frustration-Elicited AggressionFrustrated dogs can lash out with aggression. Dog that is excited or aroused by something but is blocked from approaching it can become aggressive, particularly toward the person or thing holding her back. E.g.,: frustrated dog might turn around and bite at her leash or bite at the hand holding her leash or collar. Male and female dogs are equally prone Occurs in both puppies and adults.
57. Redirected AggressionLike frustration-elicited aggressionOccurs when dog is aroused by or displays aggression toward a person or animal, and someone else interferes. Dog redirects aggression from the source that triggered it to the person/animal who has interfered. Freud’s displacement!E.g.: people who break up dog fights are often bitten Or when two dogs are barking at someone from behind a fence, one will turn and attack the other. Male and female dogs are equally Occurs in both puppies and adults.
58. Other forms of AggressionPain aggressionSex related aggressionMore likely in adult male dogs, even if neuteredNeutered males often start fights with intact males!Female to female aggression as well Predatory aggression or prey driveQuick; rarely a warningTriggered by movement of animal/childRitualized Aggression during playFamily members versus Strangers?
59. Many issues in understanding AggressionComplexities involved in aggression are poorly understood and hotly debated by behavior experts:When consulting a professional, make sure you’re comfortable with her treatment recommendations. Data show that techniques for instilling fear and respect in dogs don’t work: such as alpha rolls, scruff shakes; hanging a very good chance that your dog will get worse rather than better—and you might get bitten in the process. Punishment RARELY appropriate, only when it’s well planned and limited in application, used in conjunction with a reward program.All other options have been explored
60. Aggression Risk FactorsSize of the dog Age of the dogBite history Severity of the bite: Dunbar bite scaleIdentifying Triggers:Predictability of who targetedFrequency of interaction with targets identify triggers and treatOr keep awayEase of motivating/redirecting your dog
61. Jacobs, et alExamined whether owners could identify aggression, and different types of aggressionObtained videos of dogs engaging in resource guardingAvoidance behaviorRapid ingestion of foodThreat behaviorsAggressionNo aggression/resource guarding
62. Jacobs, et alSurveyed owners regarding their demographics and previous experience with dogsFound that owners could identify aggression/no aggression but not subtypes or specific behaviorsMore dog experience = better at identifying behaviorTells us owners do not understand resource guarding and related responses
63. In Summary:Aggressive response provoked by MANY thingsThat a dog perceives as threatening or unpleasantTaking food awayTaking a chew bone, toy or stolen object awayDisturbing the dog while she’s sleepingPhysically moving the dog while she’s restingHugging or kissing the dogBending or reaching over the dogManipulating the dog into a submissive posture (a down or a belly-up position)Lifting or trying to pick up the dogHolding the dog back from something she wantsGrooming, bathing, toweling or wiping the dog’s faceTouching the dog’s ears or feetTrimming the dog’s nailsJerking or pulling on the dog’s leash, handling her collar or putting on a harnessVerbally scolding the dogThreatening the dog with a pointed finger or rolled-up newspaperHitting or trying to hit the dogGoing through a door at same time as the dog or bumping into the dog
64. Who to get for helpAlways Work with Your Veterinarian or Vet Behaviorist!Rule out health conditionsDon’t be afraid of drugs as a helperAlways Work with a Professional Behavior ExpertCertified Applied Animal Behaviorist (CAAB or ACAAB) Veterinary behaviorist (Dip ACVB) Certified Professional Dog Trainer (CPDT) in your area. If you choose to employ a CPDT, be sure that the trainer is qualified to help you.
65. Rules of Possession for DogsIf it's mine it's mineif it's yours it's mineif I like it is mineif I can take it from you it is mineif I am playing with something ALL of the pieces are mineif I think it is mine it isif I saw it first it's mineif I had it then put it down it is still mineif you had it then you put it down it is now mineif it looks like the one I have hidden or already ate, it is mine