/
ATHEROSCLEROSIS ATHEROSCLEROSIS

ATHEROSCLEROSIS - PowerPoint Presentation

alexa-scheidler
alexa-scheidler . @alexa-scheidler
Follow
523 views
Uploaded On 2016-06-18

ATHEROSCLEROSIS - PPT Presentation

DRSAMINA QAMAR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR HISTOPATHOLOGY Athero sclerosis The atheroma lump of gruel from Greek athera meaning gruel OR Porridge Sclerosis means thickening ID: 367281

wall plaques cells atheroma plaques wall atheroma cells artery lipid macrophages atherosclerosis fatty smcs streaks arterial cap called cholesterol

Share:

Link:

Embed:

Download Presentation from below link

Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "ATHEROSCLEROSIS" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.


Presentation Transcript

Slide1

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

DR.SAMINA

QAMAR

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

HISTOPATHOLOGY.Slide2

Athero-sclerosis

The

atheroma

("lump of gruel", from

Greek

(

athera

)

, meaning "

gruel

" OR Porridge.

Sclerosis means thickening.

Atherosclerosis

(also known as

arteriosclerotic vascular disease

or

ASVD

) is a specific form of

arteriosclerosis

in which an arterial wall thickens as a result of invasion and accumulation of white blood cells .Slide3

ArterioscelorosisSlide4

Also called fatty streaks/plaques.

Early on,

Atheromas

are called "fatty streaks“ because of yellow appearance due to collection of foam cells: fat containing macrophages.

Later on the

grumous

core of lipid is covered by a white fibrous cap and then its called an

atheroma

.Slide5

Fatty streaks can appear in the aortas of infants younger than 1 year and are present in virtually all children older than 10 years

.Slide6

Wall of artery showing fatty streaks/plaques.Slide7

Arteriosclerosis: Fatty streaksSlide8

Artery wall histology.

NORMAL ARTERY WALL

ARTERIOSCLEROTIC ARTERY WALLSlide9

What are the results of atherosclerosis?

These changes reduce the elasticity of the arterial wall but do not affect blood flow for decades because the muscular wall of artery enlarges at the locations of plaque.

Atherosclerotic lesions can cause

thromboembolism

and

complete closure of the lumen

of a small blood vessel.Slide10

Consequences

Atheroma

can suddenly rupture, causing the formation of a

thrombus

that will rapidly slow or stop blood flow, leading to death of the tissues fed by the artery in approximately 5 minutes.

If artery of heart is blocked it can cause a

heart attack

. The same process in an artery to the brain is commonly called

stroke

.Slide11

Consequences.Slide12

Why it starts?

RISK FACTORS:

OLD AGE.

MALE GENDER.

POST MENOPAUSAL ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY.Slide13

RISK FACTORS

HYPERLIPIDEMIA(LDL).

HYPERTENSION.

OBESITY.

CIGARETTE SMOKING.

SEDENTRY LIFE STYLE.

DIABETES.Slide14

HOW IT STARTS?

Response-to-injury hypothesis

This model views atherosclerosis as a chronic inflammatory response of the arterial wall to endothelial injury.

Hemodynamic disturbances, toxins and hypercholesterolemia.Slide15

Participants

T-lymphocytes,

monocytes

/

Macrophages and normal constituents of arterial wall.Slide16

PATHOGENESIS.

1-After endothelial injury

monocytes

cluster beneath endothelium

.

2-Macrophages,

foam cells and platelets

also accumulate.

3- They start engulfing

lipid

intracellulary

.

4

-

SMC and

collagen

are deposited.

5-Extracellular lipid is releasedSlide17

How do they appear grossly?

Atheromatous

plaques grossly appear white to yellow.

Thrombosis superimposed over the surface of ulcerated plaques is red-brown in color.

Plaques vary from 0.3 to 1.5 cm in diameter but can coalesce to form larger masses Slide18

AS

Mild AS : scattered lipid plaques.

Middle: shows many more larger plaques.

The severe atherosclerosis in the aorta at the top shows extensive ulceration in the plaques.Slide19

PLAQUES: C,E,L.

Atherosclerotic plaques have three principal components:

(1)

Cells:

SMCs, macrophages, and T cells.

(2)

ECM:

collagen, elastic fibers, and

proteoglycans

.

(3)

Lipid

:

intracellular and extracellular.Slide20

Atheroma is composed ofSlide21

Atheroma.Slide22

Atheroma

Superficial

fibrous cap

is composed of SMCs and relatively dense collagen. Beneath and to the side of the cap (the "

shoulder

") is a more cellular area containing macrophages, T cells, and SMCs.

Deep to the fibrous cap is a

necrotic core

, containing lipid (primarily cholesterol and cholesterol esters), debris from dead cells, foam cells (lipid-laden macrophages and SMCs), fibrin, plasma proteins and the cholesterol that appears as clefts.Slide23

Histology of plaque.

Atheroma

on the left. Cholesterol clefts are numerous in this

atheroma

. The surface on the far left shows ulceration and hemorrhage. Slide24
Slide25