Massive debt and attacked by neighbors Senator Cato called for its complete destruction Siege and destruction of Carthage Lasted 3 years Romans eventually broke through Slaughtered Carthaginians razed Carthage to the ground enslaved survivors ID: 695414
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Carthage pretty decimatedMassive debt and attacked by neighborsSenator Cato called for its complete destructionSiege and destruction of CarthageLasted 3 yearsRomans eventually broke throughSlaughtered Carthaginians; razed Carthage to the ground; enslaved survivors
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Punic War (149 B.C.E.)Slide2
Chapter 7.2The Decline of the Roman RepublicSlide3
Growing gap between rich and poorSenate too powerfulSmall farms decline; huge estates rise (used slaves)Farmers move to cities
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus attempt to give land back to peasants
Both assassinated
Growing UnrestSlide4
Marius (107 B.C.E.) changes way to recruit soldiersVolunteers from landless poorLoyal to general, NOT to RomeLand promised to themGenerals must get involved in politicsSulla dissolves popular assemblies (keeps Senate)
Importance: Example of “
Might makes right”
New Role of the ArmySlide5
Triumvirate
A government
by three people with equal power
End of the Republic (82-31 B.C.E.)
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Triumvirate
Julius Caesar
Pompey
CrassusSlide6
Dominated the political sceneCrassus killed in 53 B.C.E.Senate wants Caesar to step downJulius crosses Rubicon RiverCivil War in RomeCaesar victorious over PompeyOfficially made dictator
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Triumvirate
Julius--
-->Gaul
Crassus---->Syria
Pompey---->SpainSlide7
Caesar’s ReformsIncreased size of SenateGave land to poorCitizenship to alliesIdes of March, 44 B.C.E.Julius assassinated by group of Senate members
Threw Rome into chaos
Dictator for Life (47 B.C.E.)Slide8
2nd Triumvirate (44-31 B.C.E.)
Octavian
Marc Antony
Lepidus
Grandnephew and heir to JuliusSlide9
Octavian becomes Augustus CaesarGiven title of imperator (commander-in-chief)Large standing armyAugustus’ reign stabilizes societyAugustus rebuilds and beautifies RomeStrengthens moraleDeclared a god upon death by the Senate
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Roman Emperor