Government Republic 2 elected consuls were the head Served a oneyear term Controlled the army Senate Leaders from the Patricians Lawmakers Controlled spending Chosen by Consuls Served for life ID: 615598
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Rome the RepublicSlide2
Government
Republic
2 elected consuls were the head
Served a one-year termControlled the armySenateLeaders from the PatriciansLaw-makersControlled spendingChosen by ConsulsServed for life300 seatsAssemblyPlebeiansHad limited power BUT they elected the consulsConsuls had to gain support of the plebeian classSlide3
SPQR
Senatus
Populus Que RomanusChiseled on public buildings, armor, coins, park benchesAnything that belonged to the state“The Senate and the People of Rome”Kings were no longer in chargeSlide4
The Forum
Main marketplace and business center
Banking, trading, shopping, and marketing
Also a place for public speakingGreat oratorsArgued persuasivelyFestivals and religious ceremoniesGo to a temple to leave a gift for one of their godsSlide5
Roman Baths
At least once a day
Included:
Hot and cold poolsSlaves to wait on youSteam roomsSaunasExercise roomsHair salonsReading roomsThink of is as a large mall with bathing pools900 public baths in RomePart of daily life
Kids couldn’t use them
There was an admission charge
Slaves couldn’t use them
But people brought their slaves as attendantsSlide6
Roman Legion
Legion
5000 men
Each had a banner, leader, number and nicknameUniformRectangular shieldShort swordDaggerMetal jacketHelmetBeltKiltShirtHobnailed sandalsServiceLegionary served for 25 years
Retirement
Given land and a pension
Gave retired military a place to call home in the country that they would defend
Placed loyal military men all over the provincesSlide7
Roman Roads
“All roads lead to Rome”
It was true!
Rome was the heart of the republicEach time a new city was conquered, a road was built from that city back to RomeMilestones told how far it was to RomeSlide8
Hannibal & Carthage
Carthage- ancient city-state in North Africa- 300 miles from Rome
First Punic War
Carthage controlled 3 islands off Italy’s coastRome wanted Carthage to join its republicFought for 20 yearsNeither wonRome took Sicily, Sardinia and CorsicaHannibal9-year-old son of the general at the First Punic War- vowed to make Rome pay
Clever general
Snakes plan
Wanted to conquer all of Spain
Not this creepy one…
But this oneSlide9
Second Punic War
Second Punic War
Spanish city asked for help but Rome attacked Carthage instead of Hannibal
Hannibal planned to march 90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000 calvary, and 37 elephants from Spain Route was more rugged than he expectedCarthage agreed to peace termsCarthage changed their mind and Rome defeated Carthage but didn’t catch HannibalSecond set of peace terms:Carthage leave Spain, Gaul and ItalyReduce their navy to 10 warshipsPay 10,000 talents in war damages in 50 annual payments over 50 years
Rome finally caught up with Hannibal but he swallowed poison rather than surrender (he was 64)Slide10
Julius Caesar
Month of July named after him
People trusted him and believed he could solve Rome’s problems
Problems of the RepublicCrimeTaxesHungerUnemploymentSlave labor dependencySpoke openly about problems and solutionsLeaders in the Senate were afraid Caesar would take power and rule as a kingEntered Rome in 49 BCE with Roman Legion to take over the government
Poor people were glad; Senate was furiousSlide11
Julius Caesar
Caesar defeated Pompey and the Senate’s forces and became the master of Rome
Improvements
Relieved debtEnlarged the SenateBuilt the Forum IuliumRevised the calendarAssassinated by a group of Senators led by Cassius and Brutus on the Ides of March (15) 44 BCEAssassination sparked civil wars that ended the Republic and Caesar’s great nephew, Octavian, became the first emperor of Rome