Finish German Empire 18711912 Return and Go over Test German Empire 1870 1871 1873 1878 1883 1888 1890 1912 Pope Pius IX declares Dogma of Papal Infallibility German Empire Declared Kulturkampf begins ID: 691589
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German Empire 1871-1912Slide2
Today’s AgendaFinish German Empire (1871-1912)Return and Go over TestSlide3
German Empire
1870 1871 1873 1878 1883 1888 1890 1912
Pope Pius IX declares Dogma of Papal Infallibility
-German Empire Declared
-Kulturkampf begins
Wilhelm II ascends to throne
-Kulturkampf ends
-Bismarck allies with Catholic Center Party
Bismarck begins national social security system with sickness and accident insurance
Social Democratic party legalized
Wilhelm
Drops the Pilot
Worldwide financial Panic leads to protectionism
Social Democratic becomes largest party in ReichstagSlide4
Bismarck and the German Empire, 1871 – 1890
German Empire federation of 25 German monarchies under the Prussian Kaiser
Bismarck’ Foreign Policy
(Post 1871)
Avoided war & sought to build German Empire into strong nation-state
consolidated power by “dressing himself” as a liberal, a socialist, a republican, a free trader, a protectionist, anti-Catholic, pro Catholic
IE. Realpolitik policies of manipulation in domestic and foreign policy & adulation of militarism led to an arrested development of constitutionalism & democracy in Germany with catastrophic results
Bismarck dragging Alsace & Lorraine into German EmpireSlide5
German Culture (1871)German nationalism (after 1871) took Prussian tone
Liberalism of Frankfurt Assembly crushed by Blood and Iron“Better pointed bullets than pointed speeches” BismarckOrder = first duty of all citizensEducation characterized by drilling, discipline
Uniforms = mark of status, honor
Wilhelm Voigt- The Captain of
Kopernick
German drifter/ impostor
HonourGerman students formed fraternities of duelingUsed sabers to prevent being labeled der innere schweinehund (coward)Proudly displayed schmisse (scars)
Captain of KöpenickSlide6
Kulturkampf
Syllabus of Errors (1864)Denounced gov.t encroachment in church affairs
Dogma of Papal Infallibility
(1870)
Declared Pope to be infallible in matters of faith & morals
Center Party
Catholic-grounded political party based in southern Germany Supported mostly by peasants
Bismarck and Pope Pius IX in a chess match
In 1871 Bismarck launched
Kulturkampf
Battle for civilization or culture
Series of Anti Catholic laws
Bis
motivation was to gain support of liberalsThey were anticlerical and disapproved of the Church influence in public and private life
Restrictions
Some Jesuits/bishops were expelled, Banned religious teachers in schools
Banned priests discussing politics from pulpit, Diplomatic ties broken with Vatican (1872), 50% seminaries closed
Bismarck, a conservative dressed in liberal clothing!Slide7
Kulturkampf
Worldwide agricultural depression after 1873 Bismarck wanted to raise taxes & looked for new way to do it
Abandoned the liberals (free trade,
Kulturkampf
)
Appealed to the Catholic Center Party
& Protectionistsresulted in the policy of economic protectionism in Germany established protective tariffs (1879)Supported by Junkers, some industrialists, and Catholic peasantsPope Pius died in 1878Kulturkampf ended in 1878Bismarck, a conservative dressed in conservative, Catholic, protectionist clothingSlide8
Repression of Socialism
German Social Democratic party founded (1875)fusion of Marxian socialists and reformist of Ferdinand Lassalle
Basically a
moderate socialism
Willing to work with existing government
thru democratic means
Bismarck still equated it with violence2 assassination attempts on the emperor (neither by SDP) gave him an excuseBismarck set out to end socialismCarrot and Stick Approachmeetings forbidden, newspapers closedsocialism was driven underground (1878-1890)
initiates a national social security system (1880)1883 Sickness Insurance1884 Accident Insurance
1889 Old Age Pension InsuranceDidn’t end SD Party but made overthrow of government less attractive (already had universal male suffrage since 1866)Bismarck, a conservative dressed in socialist clothing!Slide9
The German Empire after 1890: William II
William I died in 1888Frederick III (his son) died (of cancer) three months after coming to the throne
William II
(Fred’s son) 1888-1918 came to the throne
Grandson of Queen Victoria
He was 29 and full of ideas about his personal power
uncomfortable in presence of elder statesmen (Bismarck) whom he saw respectfully as an old fogyargued with Bis about anti socialist legislation, foreign affairsBis ordered ministers not to meet with him unless he was presentDropping the Pilot (1890)
William “retired” BismarckKnown as “dropping the pilot”Replaced Bismarck as the dominant political figure (and led Germany to WWI)Slide10
Young WilhelmSlide11
A New Course
Wilhelm I led Germany on New Course
Colonial expansion
Naval expansion
GB won’t like this
Aggressive diplomatic policy
Wanted Germany to haveA PLACE IN THE SUNdropped the antisocialist lawsexpanded the social welfare systemSocial Democrats elected 110 members to the Reichstag1912 largest party in ReichstagRetained none of the highest government officesImperial Germany was moving toward a conflict with constitutional interests and democracySlide12
German Naval Power