Americans Paleo Archaic Woodland amp Mississippian SS8H1a Standards SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia ID: 408221
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Native
Americans
Paleo, Archaic, Woodland,
& Mississippian
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SS8H1aSlide2
Standards
SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.
a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
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History vs. Prehistory
History – the study and record keeping of past events
Difference between history and prehistory:
written records
No one is
exactly
sure what happened in prehistoric times, but we have many clues in artifacts and ecofacts
.
Artifacts
–
man made (arrowheads, pottery, cave markings)
Ecofacts
– natural (bones, fossils)
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Paleo
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SS8H1aSlide5
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Paleo Indians
The first group of people to inhabit Georgia were called Paleo Indians.
They lived in Georgia over 13,000 years
ago, from 10000 to 8000 BC.
Paleo
means
“very old”
in Greek.
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Paleo Indians
About 13,000 years ago, there was a land bridge connecting North America and Asia.
It is now referred to as Beringia.
Paleo Indians followed buffalo and mammoths across Beringia and into North America.
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Paleo Indians
Paleo Indians were
nomadic
, meaning that they moved around in search of
food.
Followed VERY large game (mammoths, sabretooth tigers, and giant ground sloths.
They moved from place to place in small groups of 25-50.
They lived in nonpermanent dwellings made in pits or shelters covered with bark and animal hides.
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Paleo IndiansSlide10
Paleo Indians
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Their primary weapons were large spearheads made from stone and flint.
These weapons are called
clovis
points.
Many
stones that were shaped into spearheads for hunting have been found near the Savannah River, Ocmulgee River, and in the Flint River area.Slide11
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Paleo IndiansSlide12
Archaic
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SS8H1aSlide13
Archaic Indians
The Archaic Indians lived in Georgia beginning
in 8000 BC until
about
1000 BC.
Descended from Paleo Indians, but they had to
evolve due to the rapidly changing climate and environment.All big game had become extinct.
Climate was becoming much warmer
Nomadic, but made several technological advances
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Archaic Indians
Instead of the
clovis
point, the Archaic Indians developed a tool called the
atlatl.
The atlatl had smaller, sharper arrowheads and was designed to be thrown at a higher rate of speed.
Question: Why would the clovis point be less useful at this point?
Archaic Indians also began to fish and invented hooks and fishing nets.
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Archaic IndiansSlide16
Archaic Indians
Archaic Indians also began to gather fruit and nuts.
They made crude pots to store.
Question: If the Indians are beginning to store things, what can we infer about what will eventually happen to their nomadic ways?
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Archaic
IndiansSlide18
Woodland
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SS8H1aSlide19
Woodland
Indians
The Woodland Indians lived in Georgia from about 1000 BC to 1000 AD.
Their lifestyle differed from previous groups because they began to plant seeds for growing crops, and they created decorative, long-lasting pottery.
They also developed bows and arrows for hunting.
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Woodland
IndiansSlide21
Woodland
Indians
The Woodland Indians formed tribes, created permanent villages, and lived in dome-shaped
huts made of wood, leaves, and bark.
The Woodland Indians left the first evidence of religious beliefs.
They built mounds of earth for burial sites and religious ceremonies.
These were signs that the Woodland Indians believed in an afterlife.
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Woodland
IndiansSlide23
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Rock Eagle is an Indian-made rock structure dating back to the Middle Woodland period (300 B.C. to A.D.
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Mississippian
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Mississippian
Indians
The Mississippian Indians inhabited Georgia from about 800 to 1600 AD.
Most advanced civilization of the four.
Advanced governments: ruled by governments called chiefdoms headed by a chief
Advanced city population: Mississippian settlements contained thousands of families.
Advanced protection: Villages were protected by guard towers and moats.
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Mississippian
Indians
The Mississippian Indians used stone, wood, and bone to create weapons and farming tools.
They were accomplished craftsmen, creating pottery, pipes, instruments, and jewelry.
The Mississippian Indian groups traded tools, weapons, pottery, and other goods with
one another.
Known as the “great mound builders” because they had ENORMOUS ceremonial grounds (
like Etowah).
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Mississippian
Indians
Mississippian Indians began farming on a large scale—they grew maize, squash, beans, tobacco, etc.
They built flat-topped burial mounds and had religious ceremonies.
The dead were buried in fine cloths with feathered headdresses and the bodies were tattooed and painted.
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Mississippian
Indians
They were alive when Europeans discovered America, but soon after their culture began to disappear…
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