Personality and Social Psychology - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Personality and Social Psychology

By: Sky, Rachel, Isaac, Kayla, Chase, Gabby,

Malia

, and Mark Slide2

Personality Structure

Freud’s view of human personality—including its emotions and striving—arises from a conflict between our aggressive, pleasure-seeking biological impulses and the internalized social restraints against them.

3 interacting systems:

Id

Ego

superegoSlide3

ID, Ego, and Super-ego

ID

Unconscious

Satisfies basic needs: survival, reproduction, and aggression

EGO

Conscious mind

Thoughts, judgments, perceptions

Gratifies the ID’s impulses in realistic ways

Super-ego

Preconscious (outside awareness but accessible)

Strives for perfection, judging actions, and producing positive feelings of pride, or negative feelings of guiltSlide4

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages

Oral (0-18 months)

Pleasure centers on the mouth- sucking, biting, chewing

Anal (18-36 months)

Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination, coping with demands for controlPhallic (3-6 years)Pleasure zone is the genitals coping with incestuous sexual feelingsLatency (6 to puberty)

Dormant sexual feelings

Genital (puberty on)

Maturation of sexual interestsSlide5

The Big Five

P

ersonality

F

actorsConscientiousnessAgreeablenessNeuroticismOpennessExtraversionSlide6

Personality

Biological influences

Genetically determined temperament

Autonomic nervous system reactivity

Brain activityPsychological Influences

Learned Responses

Unconscious thought processes

Optimistic or pessimistic attributional style

Social-Cultural influences

Childhood experiences

Influence of the situation

Cultural expectations

Social supportSlide7

Personality Defense Mechanisms

Ego protects itself with defense mechanisms

Repression-banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts and feelings from consciousness

Regression-allows us to retreat to an earlier, more infantile stage of development

Reaction formation-when the ego unconsciously makes unacceptable impulses look like their oppositeProjection-disguises threatening impulses by attributing them to othersRationalization-occurs when we unconsciously generate self-justifying explanations to hide from ourselves the real reasons for our actionDisplacement-diverts sexual or aggressive impulses toward an object or person that is psychologically more acceptable than the one that aroused the feeling. Slide8

Social Thinking

Fundamental Attribution Theory – the tendency to overestimate the influence of personality and underestimate the influence of situations.

Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon – the tendency for those who complied to a small request to comply later to a larger demand.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory – theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent.Slide9

Social Influence

Conformity – adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

Normative social influence – influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

Informational social influence – influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality.

Social Facilitation – stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.Social Loafing – tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward a common goal.Groupthink can be prevented when a leader welcomes various opinions and invites experts’ critiques of developing plans or assigns people to identify possible problems. Slide10

Antisocial Relations

Prejudice – an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members.

Discrimination – unjustifiable behavior towards a group or its members.

Ingroup Bias – “Us.” The tendency to favor our own group.

Outgroup– “Them”Scapegoat Theory – theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.Frustration-Aggression Principle – principle that frustration creates anger, which can generate aggression.Social Trap – a situation in which the conflicting parties become caught in mutually destructive behavior.Slide11

Prosocial Relations

Passionate Love – intense positive absorption in another, at the beginning of a relationship

Companionate Love – deep affectionate attachment we feel for those whose lives intertwine with ours

Self-disclosure – revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Altruism – unselfish regard for the welfare of othersMere exposure effect – phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.Similarity – opposites attract is a myth. We often tend to like someone similar to us. Similarity breeds content.Slide12

Our Song Lyrics Slide13

“Moves Like

Jagger

”

There’s a man who’s names Freud

He’s doctor who had lots of toysThere’s a structure that’s totally hisIt starts with the IdBeginning with this

And it goes like this

The id seeks total gratification

The ego gratifies Id impulses

And the superego

It’s the superego

It makes

yooooooooou

have good judgment

But of course that’s not all

There are stages

The lists not so tall

It’s a short one

It starts with the mouth and then travels south

I’ve got this figured out

And it goes like this

First it starts out with only just one tooth

Then I learn how to use that bathroom

And I begin to wonder

What’s the thing down under?

Now you’re

fiiiiiiiiiinding

sexual interests