Dark Energy and Dark Matter Prof Lawrence Wiencke Department of Physics Engineering Colorado School of Mines Nov 9 2011 The Dark Side 95 of the Universe Is Dark Energy budget of Universe ID: 462889
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Slide1
That other pesky 95%
Dark Energy and Dark Matter
Prof. Lawrence Wiencke
Department of Physics Engineering
Colorado School of Mines
Nov 9 2011Slide2
The Dark
Side
95% of the
Universe Is Dark!Slide3Slide4Slide5Slide6
Energy budget of Universe
Stars and galaxies are only ~0.5%Neutrinos are <1%Rest of ordinary matter (electrons and protons) are ~5%Dark Matter ~25%Dark Energy ~70%Anti-Matter 0%Slide7
THE HIGGS!?#
No Dark Matter
No Dark EnergySlide8
M81
Spitzer Space TelescopeSlide9
10
5
100
50
Expected if the mass of the galaxy = the mass we can see
Observed
Some sort of invisible Mass must extend
out ~10 times further than the stars!
Rotation speed
Distance from the center
Vera Rubin 1980sSlide10
Full Court Press!!
Produce
at an accelerator
Detect
them in our halo
Detect annihilation productsSlide11
Dark Matter annihilating in our halo should produce positrons, neutrinos and gamma raysSlide12
Evidence for Dark Matter from
Lensing
Einstein:
Gravity bends light
Light travels along straight lines unless it passes a massive object.
Light coming from behind a
massive object such as a star, a galaxy, a cluster of galaxies or a clump of dark matter will be bent the same way a glass lens works.
The more massive the object, the more gravity it has and the more the light is bentSlide13
giant arcs are galaxies behind the cluster, gravitationally
lensed
Zoom in on a galaxy cluster – Gravity from the invisible matter is bending light and we can see the distorted images that resultSlide14
Michael S Turner
Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background, 1964Slide15
Michael S Turner
The Universe circa 380,000 yrs
WMAP
±0.001% FluctuationsSlide16
fraction of a second later
Hot Primordial Soup
380,000 years later
Radiation Last Scattered
13.78 thousand-million years later
Today
DARK MATTER
from the
Primordial SoupSlide17
Most of the matter is dark
and
it’s not even “normal” stuff!
Tip of the IcebergSlide18
STRING THEORY - 11 dimensions and more …..
Go to 11???Slide19
19
What is Dark Energy ?
“ ‘Most embarrassing observation in physics’ – that’s the only quick thing I can say about dark energy that’s also true.”
Edward WittenSlide20
Discovery! – 1998
Hi z Supernova Team
Supernova Cosmology Project
Brian P. Schmidt
Saul
Perlmutter
Adam G.
Riess
Nobel Prize in Physics 2011Slide21Slide22
A dying star becomes a white dwarf.
1. Create a White DwarfSlide23
The white dwarf strips gas from its stellar companion….
2. Dump more mass onto itSlide24
….and uses it to become a hydrogen bomb. Bang!
3. Until it explodesSlide25
The explosion is as bright as an entire galaxy of stars….
…..and can be seen in galaxies across the universe.
4. Observe it in a distant galaxy
Slide26
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is a telescope
Fermilab
helped build and operate.
It has a 2.4m mirror and no Dome
Located in New Mexico
First started collecting images in 2000
120
MegaPixel
digital camera
SDSS
has measured ~ 1 million galaxies and over 500 type 1a Supernova and also found that the expansion of the universe is acceleratingSlide27
SDSS-II Supernova Survey
~500 Well studied
SNe
Ia
, suitable for framingSlide28
Our Universe’s Expansion is Accelerating!
time
expansion
open
closed
accelerating
NowSlide29Slide30
“The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and all science. Those to whom this emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe, are as good as dead: their eyes are closed.”
Albert EinsteinSlide31
95% of the
Universe Is Dark
!
What can we learn
about it?
Will!!Slide32