Ch 2 Notes – Personality - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Ch 2 Notes – Personality, Self-Esteem, and EmotionsSlide2

Section 2.1 PersonalitySlide3

Describing Personality: behaviors, attitudes, feelings, & ways thinking. 5 central traits describe how people behave, relate to others, and react to change:

Extroversion

-

how much you like being with other people

Agreeableness-

ability to relate to people in a friendly wayConscientiousness- responsible and self-disciplined Emotional Stability- relaxed, secure, calm even in difficult situationsOpenness to Experiences- curious, imaginative, and creativeSlide4

How Personality Forms

:

Nature

vs

Nuture

HeredityStudying identical twins show that some traits and talents can be inherited Environment: Family - copy the behaviors of others (modeling)Friends- peers influence behaviors and interests

Culture- value some personality traits, while discouraging othersSlide5

Stages of Personality Development: According to psychologist, Erik Erikson, your personality develops throughout life as people meet a series of challenges.

Develop

Trust (Birth to 1.5 years)

Learn to be Independent (1.5 years-3 years)

Take Initiative (3-6)

Develop Skills (6-12

)Search for Identity (12-20)Establish Intimacy (20-40)Create and Nurture (40-65)Look Back with Acceptance (65+) Slide6

Section 2.2 Self-EsteemSlide7

Self-Esteem and Your Health: How much do you respect yourself and like yourself? Benefits

of High Self-Esteem

More likely to eat well, exercise regularly, avoid risky behaviors, set goals for yourself, ask for help when needed, bounce back from setbacks

Risks of a Low Self-Esteem

More likely to use drugs, drop out of school, become pregnant, suffer from eating disorders, engage in violenceSlide8

How Self-Esteem Developsincreases during CHILDHOOD if there is support and encouragement

drops during ADOLESCENCE when teens start comparing themselves to others and are influenced more by the media

Increases again in ADULTHOOD as one begins to accomplish goals and take control of their

livesSlide9

Improving Your Self-Esteem

Make

a list of

strengths

and weaknesses

Set ambitious, but realistic

goals for yourselfDo not be too hard on yourselfRely on your

valuesLearn to accept compliments

Look beyond your own concernsDo not focus too much on appearanceSlide10

Achieving Your Potential  Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Psychologist Abraham Maslow shared that people have an inborn drive to be the best that they can be, a process called self-actualization. In order for people to achieve their full potential, their basic needs must be met.

Physical

Needs



Safety



BelongingEsteemSelf-Actualization Slide11

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Slide12

Section 2.3 Expressing Your EmotionsSlide13

An emotion is a reaction to a situation that involves your mind, body and behavior.Slide14

A. Primary Emotions: emotions expressed by all people in all cultures

Happiness-

response to pleasant events in ones life.

Sadness-

response to disappointing events in your life.

Anger- response to feeling frustrated or helpless.Fear- felt when you recognize a threat to your safety or security. Slide15

B. Learned Emotions: also called social emotions, these emotions are not expressed in the same way by all people.

Love-

deep feelings of affection and concern.

Guilt

and

Shame- guilt can stop you from doing something you know is wrong or can make you take action to correct a bad choice. Shame focuses more on the person rather than the action and is less likely to be corrected. Ie: Guilt (I did a bad thing) vs Shame (I am a bad person)Slide16

C. Recognizing Your EmotionsName the Emotion being aware that some can mask other emotions (ie

, anger)

Determine what triggered the emotion

Think back to past times that you felt the same way – similarities or differences?Slide17

D. Coping With Your EmotionsDefense Mechanisms are coping strategies that help you to protect yourself from difficult feelings. One downfall of these mechanisms is that they often cause people to put off dealing with the problem and the emotions is causes. Slide18

Defense MechanismsDenialCompensationRationalizationReaction Formation

Projection

RegressionSlide19

Helpful Ways of CopingConfront the situation head on in order to improve itRelease built up energy by moving your body

Take a break by focusing on something else

Talk to someone since most people need help dealing with their emotions from time to timeSlide20

Harmful Ways of Coping Using alcohol or drugsWithdrawing from family or friends