Key Terms for the Chapter Isolationism Avoiding involvement in other countries affairs Imperialism Building empires by imposing political and economic control over peoples around the world The Turner Thesis ID: 708512
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Chapter 20The United States Looks OverseasSlide2
Key Terms for the ChapterIsolationism
Avoiding involvement in other countries’ affairsImperialism
Building empires by imposing political and economic control over peoples around the worldSlide3Slide4Slide5
The Turner ThesisFrederick Jackson Turner
Created idea that western frontier defined American Historyexpansionists
believed that overseas was the new frontier and would bring new riches and powerSlide6
Economic GrowthExpansionists argued that future prosperity depended on building up trade
U.S. had a powerful industrial economy and produced more than Americans would buy Slide7
Economic GrowthThere was a fear that if U.S. did not expand it would be shut out of global markets and denied raw materials
Alfred T. Mahan stated that the key to strong trade was a powerful navy Slide8
United States Looks OverseasPurchasing Alaska1867 The United States purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million (about 2 cents an acre)
Alaska was full of resources (gold and oil)Alaska Gold Rush of 1897-1898Slide9Slide10
Spreading American ValuesIn the late 1800s many Americans believed that Americans of the “Anglo-Saxon race” were superior to “lesser races” in other nations
Argument was Americans had a divine duty to spread Christian values and western civilization around the world.Slide11
Gaining Foothold in the Pacific
Expansionists had interest in various Pacific islands, and saw them essential for expanding influence and tradeSlide12
SamoaSlide13
Gaining Foothold in the PacificSamoa
U.S. had interest in Samoa to use as coaling stations for shipsOther European countries also wanted Samoa and Britain, Germany, and the U.S. almost went to war
In 1899 the U.S. and Germany divided the islands
People in Samoa had no say in the matter.Slide14Slide15Slide16
Gaining Foothold in the PacificHawaii
U.S. saw Hawaii as a military outpost in Pacific1893 American planters and 50 U.S. Marines overthrew Queen Liliuokalani.
President Grover Cleveland refused to annex Hawaii because the revolt had been illegal
on July 7, 1898 Hawaii became a territory of U.S. when it was annexed by President William McKinleySlide17Slide18
HawaiiSlide19Slide20Slide21Slide22
Carving Up ChinaLate 1800s China lost a war and European powers wanted to take advantage of China’s weakness
European power and Japan started dividing China into
spheres of influence (areas where another nation has economic and political control)Slide23Slide24Slide25
Carving Up ChinaAt first, U.S. were not part of the activity, but U.S. officials feared they would be excluded from trading with China
Secretary of State John Hay called on nations to keep an “open door” policy in China.Slide26
Carving Up ChinaBoxer Rebellion
A secret Society called Righteous and Harmonious Fist was formed to try and combat foreigners in China
Became known as Boxers because of their ceremonial exercises that resembled shadowboxing
In spring of 1900 the Boxers began a rebellion to expel foreignersSlide27
Carving Up ChinaThe boxers attacked and killed westerners and Chinese Christians.
European powers and the U.S. sent in 18,000 troops with modern weapons and crushed the rebellionSlide28Slide29
The Spanish-American War
Cuba had been under Spanish control since 1492
After Centuries of being under Spain’s harsh control Cuban’s started to rebel
First rebellion started in 1868 and lasted 10 years, but was unsuccessful Slide30Slide31
The Spanish-American WarCubans started another rebellion in 1895
To stop the revolt the Spanish began a policy of reconcentration
(
movement of large numbers of people into detention camps for military or political reasons
)
200,000 Cubans would die in these camps due to poor sanitation and starvationSlide32
The Spanish-American WarCubans, led by Jose Marti, asked for help from the U.S.
Marti was a leader of the rebels, but was killed in Cuba before he was able to see Cuba free from Spanish ruleSlide33Slide34
The Spanish-American WarMany Americans wanted to help the Cuban rebels, but U.S. government was resistant to send troopsAmericans wanted to help Cuba to protect their investments
Americans had over $50 million in sugar plantations, railroads, and iron minesSlide35Slide36
Yellow Journalismyellow journalism- A sensational style of reporting that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news Slide37
The Spanish-American WarNewspapers swayed public opinion towards war by using Yellow Journalism
Led by Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World and
William Randolph Hearst
of the
New York JournalSlide38Slide39Slide40Slide41Slide42Slide43Slide44
The Spanish-American WarU.S. declares war
-February 15, 1898 the Maine
sinks and the United States declares war on SpainSlide45
Spanish-American WarThe U.S. Goes to War
April 20, 1898 the U.S. declares war on SpainThe first main battle of the war took place in the Philippines
May 1, 1898, Commodore George Dewey led a small fleet of ships to Manila Bay and sank the entire Spanish squadron
The U.S. did not lose a single ship or lifeSlide46Slide47Slide48
Spanish-American WarThe Filipinos were also fighting for independence from Spain
Emilio Aguinaldo was the leader of the Filipino rebels Instead of giving independence to the Filipinos the U.S. took control of the islandsSlide49Slide50
Spanish-American WarWar in the CaribbeanMost of the fighting took place around Santiago and at seaSlide51Slide52
Spanish-American WarWar in the CaribbeanU.S. troops were poorly trained, but eager to fight
One of the best known units was the Rough Riders, which was led by Theodore RooseveltRoosevelt led a successful charge up San Juan hill, which became the most
celebrated event of the warSlide53
Americans 205 killed and 1,180 wounded
Spanish lost
only 58 dead, 170 wounded, and 39 capturedSlide54Slide55
Spanish-American WarOnce Spain surrendered Cuba, American troops invaded and quickly took control of Puerto RicoSlide56Slide57
Spanish-American WarDecember 1898, a treaty was signed
Cuba received its independencePuerto Rico, Philippines, islands of Guam, and Wake islands became territories of the U.S.Slide58Slide59Slide60Slide61Slide62Slide63
The United States and Latin America
Panama CanalThe Isthmus
of Panama was chosen because it was only 50 miles wide
perfect location to shorten trips from the West Coast to the East CoastSlide64
The United States and Latin America
U.S. offered Columbia $10 million and $250,000 yearly rent to build the canal
Columbia did not accept the dealSlide65Slide66Slide67
The United States and Latin America
Panamanians started a revolution against Columbia
U.S. sent gunboats and Marines to support Panama
Panama gains its freedom and the U.S. received the land to build
the canalSlide68
“Gun Boat Diplomacy”Slide69Slide70Slide71
The United States and Latin America
Fighting DiseaseFirst obstacle to building the canal was overcoming diseases
Malaria and Yellow Fever (carried by mosquitoes)
William C. GorgasSlide72
The United States and Latin America
Constructing the CanalConstruction involved three main tasks
Cut through a mountain
Dam a river
Build locksSlide73Slide74Slide75Slide76Slide77Slide78Slide79
The United States and Latin America
Canal Was finished August 15, 1914 (six months ahead of schedule)Slide80
The United States and Latin America
Wielding a “Big Stick” in Latin America
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
It was the job of the U.S. to protect the Western Hemisphere from European nations
When neighbors of the U.S. got into disputes with foreign nations, the U.S. had the right to intervene and restore orderSlide81Slide82
The United States and Latin America
William Howard Taft believed in dollar diplomacy
Taft wanted bankers and businesses to invest in Latin America
Dollar Diplomacy led to many military interventions because the U.S. had to protect its investmentsSlide83
The United States and Latin America
Relations With Mexico1911 Mexico entered into a violent revolution
President Woodrow Wilson believed U.S. foreign policy should support democracy throughout the world, and hoped Mexico would develop its own democratic governmentSlide84
The United States and Latin AmericaThe United States had trouble staying out of the conflict
1914 an incident in Tampico, Mexico led to U.S. sailors being arrestedFrancisco Villa (
Pancho
Villa) kept entering New Mexico and raiding towns. (Killed 18 Americans in one raid)Slide85