PDF-Chemical Tests for Alkanes, Alkenes, and Aromatic Compounds, Page ...

1 Chemical Tests for Alkanes Alkenes and Aromatic Compounds Introduction There are four types of hydrocarbons alkanes alkenes alkynes and aromatic compounds each type with different chemical. Preparation of alkenes. Preparation of alkenes continued. Dehydration of alcohols. The H and OH are removed from adjacent carbons.. E.g. ethanol may be heated with . sulphuric. acid to create . ethene. 11-1. Alkenes are characterized by the presence of a double bond.. The general formula of an alkene is C. n. H. 2n. , the same as for a cycloalkane.. Common nomenclature for alkenes replaces the corresponding alkane suffix –ane with -ylene. . Lecture 12. Organic chemistry. What distinguishes organic chemistry from other areas of chemistry?. Origins – compounds from plants and animals. Organic compounds were though to have a “v. ital force” and as such . Dr. . Shatha. I . Alaqeel. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. By the end of chapter four the students will:. Understand the resonance description of structure of benzene. Understand the hybridization in benzene. What is the relationship between the amounts of the alkanes in crude oil and their demand?. Can you think of a way of sorting this problem out?. Methane gas. Octane – found in the petrol fraction. In 1825, Michael Faraday isolated a hydrocarbon called benzene, which consists of a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds and the molecular formula C. 6. H. 6. . . Learning Goal . Describe the bonding in benzene; name aromatic compounds, and draw their line-angle structural formulas.. 1435-1436. 2014-2015. Learning Objectives. . Understand the. . resonance description of structure of benzene. Understand the hybridization in benzene. Understand the relation between the stability of benzene and resonance energy. Hydrocarbon basics. Circles. ?!. Hydrocarbon basics. Carbon ( C ) & . Hydrogen. ( H ). Alkanes. , . Alkenes. , . Alkynes. Click . for. . some. more basics!. Go . to. . the. next part! . Some extra information!. 1. Nomenclature . of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds. Polycyclic . aromatic compounds have two or more benzene rings fused together. 2. Naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene are obtained from . coal tar. The Structure of Alkanes. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds. Alkyl groups. Numbering the parent carbon chain. The root name is that of the longest continuous carbon chain (. parent carbon chain. ) . Groups attached to the main chain are called . TIER 5. Predict and explain trends in boiling points of members of a homologous series. Discuss the volatility and solubility in water of compounds containing the functional groups: compounds up to six carbon atoms with one of the following functional groups: alcohols, . Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon. :. . contains one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. alkene. :. . contains a carbon-carbon double bond and has the general formula C. n. Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.. Acetaldehyde – of commercial importance. . - oxidation to acetic acid. . - dehydration to acetic anhydride. Crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. Carbon compounds as fuels and feedstock. Crude. oil. A. finite resource. Consisting. mainly of plankton that was buried in the mud, crude oil is the remains of ancient biomass..