PPT-Lecture 13 CATALYSIS – OXIDATION OF ALKENES

Copyright The McGrawHill Companies Inc Permission required for reproduction or display Acetaldehyde of commercial importance oxidation to acetic acid dehydration to acetic anhydride. 1 Chemical Tests for Alkanes, Alkenes, and Aromatic Compounds Introduction There are four types of hydrocarbons : alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds, each type with different chemical Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatics. Types of Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons contain C and H. There are 4 families, alk. anes. only have C-C single bonds, alk. enes. have at least one C=C and alk. ynes. Part 1 . Zagazig. University . Clinical Pharmacy . Programe. . Analytical Chemistry Department . PC 306. 1. Definition. Old . definition. Oxidation. is the reaction of substance with oxygen. Reduction . Addition to Alkenes. Addition of H-X to the Carbon-Carbon Double Bond:. Markovnikov’s. Rule. In its original form, . Markovnikov’s. rule states that, during the addition of HX to a C=C, the hydrogen atom goes to the side of the . Hydrocarbons . Essential idea. Structure, bonding and chemical reactions involving functional group inter-conversions are key strands in organic chemistry.. Learning outcomes . Understand:. Alkanes. have low reactivity and undergo free-radical substitution reactions.. Addition Reactions. Addition is the opposite of elimination.. Here are some of the many addition reactions that will be considered.. Addition . Reactions. Addition of Halogens. to Alkenes. +. . X. 2. of Alkenes: Addition Reactions. Disparlure: sex attractant of the female gypsy moth.. (A type of . pheromone.. ). 2. I. Hydrogenation of Alkenes. Addition. Reactions. oleic acid. (unsaturated). stearic acid. 11-2. The double bond consists of sigma and pi components.. Ethene is planar. It contains two trigonal carbon atoms having bond angles close to 120. o. . . The hybridization of the carbon atoms is best described as sp. – has at least one carbon-carbon double bond, C = C.. Simplest . alkene. , C. 2. H. 4. , . ethene. .. Ch. 11: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Alkyne. – has at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, C . My office hours. rh. 2130 Pacific Hall. Wed . 3:00-4:00. Thr. . 3:00-4:00. Metabolic Biochemistry BIBC 102. hppt://courses.ucsd.edu/rhampton/bibc102. office hours. . 2130 . Pac Hall. exams. 1 midterm, 1 final. Oxidation and reduction. Oxidation and reduction – oxygen . transer. A substance has been . oxidised. if it . gains oxygen. . Oxidation is gain of oxygen.. A substance has been . reduced. if it . . H—. O. H. C. C. +. O. H. C. C. H. Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes. reaction is acid catalyzed; typical hydration medium is 50% H. 2. SO. 4. -50% H. 2. O. Follows Markovnikov's Rule. H. ydrohalogenation. Dohyung. . Kim. May 2, 2013. Physics 141A. Catalysis. Catalysis . : . Increase . in the rate of reaction due to a catalyst. Types of Catalysts. Homogeneous : Catalyst and Reactant in the same phase. Alkenes. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. Chapter . two discusses the following topics and the student by the end of this chapter will:. . Know the structure, hybridization and bonding of alkenes . .