PPT-Chapter 2 : Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

The Structure of Alkanes Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Alkyl groups Numbering the parent carbon chain The root name is that of the longest continuous carbon chain parent carbon chain Groups attached to the main chain are called . FG s behave similarly in every molecule they are part of The chemistry of the organic molecule is defined by the function groups it contains brPage 3br Alkanes and Alkane Isomers Alkanes organic compounds with only CC and CH single bonds general Dihedral Angle for Ethane httpwww2chem ucalgarycaFlashethanehtml Torsional Strain strain increase in energy due to eclipsing groups eclipsed staggered Conformations of Propane brPage 3br Staggered conformations Energy vs Dihedral Angle for Propane D Conformational isomers can be shown using Newman Projections or Sawhorses Newman Projections The circle in the Newman projection represents the carboncarbon bond viewed one carbon in front of the other Bonds attached to the front carbon are shown by Hydrocarbons. Alkanes-. Alkenes-. Alkynes-. Cycloalkanes- . alkanes in which all or some of the carbon atoms are arranged in rings. General Formulas. Alkanes- C. n. H. 2n+2. Alkenes- C. n. H. 2n. Alkynes- C. Hydrocarbons are composed, as their name suggests mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms, though some types have oxygen, nitrogen or . sulphur. atoms. . Hydrocarbons are divided into two groups, . Aliphatics. Sources . and Uses of Alkanes. Petro. leum. , which literally means . rock . oil. is the main source of alkanes. Petroleum is a mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons, mostly alkanes with varying numbers of carbons and varying degrees of branching. Cycloalkanes have higher boiling points, melting points, and densities than their straight-chain analogs.. Increased London forces are due to more rigid and symmetric cyclic systems.. The smaller cycloalkanes with an odd number of carbon atoms have lower melting points than expected compared to cycloalkanes with an even number of carbon atoms. This is attributed to crystal-packing forces between the two types of cycloalkanes.. Alkanes. Dr. . Shatha. I . Alaqeel. 1. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. Chapter one discusses the following topics and the student by the end of this chapter will:. . Know the classification of hydrocarbon. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry. Organic Chemistry I. S. Imbriglio. Functional Groups. A . functional group. . is a group of atoms within a molecule that has a . ___________________________.. Conformational and Geometrical Isomerism. Hydrocarbons. . are . compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. . There are three main classes of hydrocarbons, based on the types of carbon–carbon bonds present. . Alkanes-. Alkenes-. Alkynes-. Cycloalkanes- . alkanes in which all or some of the carbon atoms are arranged in rings. General Formulas. Alkanes- C. n. H. 2n 2. Alkenes- C. n. H. 2n. Alkynes- C. n. H. Chapter 12 Lecture Outline Prepared by Harpreet Malhotra Florida State College at Jacksonville 12.1 Introduction (1) Alkanes are hydrocarbons having only C–C and C–H single bonds . Alkanes that contain chains of C atoms but 12.1 Organic and Inorganic Compounds Organic vs. Inorganic • Organic chemistry : Study of hydrocarbons (only carbon and hydrogen atoms) and their various derivatives. – Examples: natural gas, pe structures. . Arrow formalism & . m. olecular framework. Introduction to alkanes. . Isomers. . IUPAC naming of alkanes. . Alkyl halides & cycloalkanes. Functional groups: where the action is.