PPT-Chapter 4- Alkanes

Hydrocarbons Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Cycloalkanes alkanes in which all or some of the carbon atoms are arranged in rings General Formulas Alkanes C n H 2n2 Alkenes C n H 2n Alkynes C. 1 Chemical Tests for Alkanes, Alkenes, and Aromatic Compounds Introduction There are four types of hydrocarbons : alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds, each type with different chemical Basic Structure and Nomenclature. Graphic: www.lab-initio.com. First Ten Alkanes. Formula. Name. Formula. Name. CH. 4. Methane. C. 6. H. 14. Hexane. C. 2. H. 6. Ethane. C. 7. H. 16. Heptane. C. 3. H. Welcome. Questions. 1. octet rule. Lewis dot structures. Covalent bond. In which main group do you find carbon? . E. lectronegativity. Electronegativity. See p. 85-86. Where to go for informations:. Alkanes: Nomenclature, Conformational Analysis, and an Introduction to Synthesis. Shapes of Alkanes. “Straight-chain” alkanes have a . zig-zag. orientation when they are in their most straight orientation. Alkanes. 240 . Chem. Chapter 2. 1. Hydrocarbons. 2. General Molecular Formula of Hydrocarbons. (Homologous Series) . 3. Carbon . Name . Molecular. Formula . Structural. Formula . 1. Methane . CH. 4. Sources . and Uses of Alkanes. Petro. leum. , which literally means . rock . oil. is the main source of alkanes. Petroleum is a mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons, mostly alkanes with varying numbers of carbons and varying degrees of branching. Straight chain alkanes will have symmetrical . electronegativities. so they will behave as non-polar molecules. Since ‘like dissolves like’ the alkanes will all be soluble in . eachother. However… since water is polar; alkanes will NOT dissolve in water… think of pouring oil on water. . t. Alkanes have only single, covalent, non-polar bonds. Alkanes are relatively inert to most chemical reagents. Alkanes are also called . paraffins. (“little affinity”). 1. Combustion Reaction. The different uses of alkane compounds result from their physical properties, including their solubility and density.. The solid alkanes that make up waxy coatings on fruits and vegetables help retain moisture, inhibit mold, and enhance appearance.. When an alkane has four or more carbon atoms, the atoms can be arranged so that a side group called a . branch . or. . substituent. . . is attached to a carbon chain.. Learning Goal . . Write the IUPAC names for alkanes with substituents and draw their condensed and line-angle structural formulas. . The Structure of Alkanes. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds. Alkyl groups. Numbering the parent carbon chain. The root name is that of the longest continuous carbon chain (. parent carbon chain. ) . Groups attached to the main chain are called . Fourth Edition. Karen Timberlake. 11.1. Organic Compounds. Chapter 11. Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. Lectures. Organic Compounds. An . organic compound . Chapter 12 Lecture Outline Prepared by Harpreet Malhotra Florida State College at Jacksonville 12.1 Introduction (1) Alkanes are hydrocarbons having only C–C and C–H single bonds . Alkanes that contain chains of C atoms but Crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. Carbon compounds as fuels and feedstock. Crude. oil. A. finite resource. Consisting. mainly of plankton that was buried in the mud, crude oil is the remains of ancient biomass..