PPT-Chapter 4- Alkanes

Hydrocarbons Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Cycloalkanes alkanes in which all or some of the carbon atoms are arranged in rings General Formulas Alkanes C n H 2n2 Alkenes C n H 2n Alkynes C. FG s behave similarly in every molecule they are part of The chemistry of the organic molecule is defined by the function groups it contains brPage 3br Alkanes and Alkane Isomers Alkanes organic compounds with only CC and CH single bonds general Dihedral Angle for Ethane httpwww2chem ucalgarycaFlashethanehtml Torsional Strain strain increase in energy due to eclipsing groups eclipsed staggered Conformations of Propane brPage 3br Staggered conformations Energy vs Dihedral Angle for Propane D Conformational isomers can be shown using Newman Projections or Sawhorses Newman Projections The circle in the Newman projection represents the carboncarbon bond viewed one carbon in front of the other Bonds attached to the front carbon are shown by Alkanes: Nomenclature, Conformational Analysis, and an Introduction to Synthesis. Shapes of Alkanes. “Straight-chain” alkanes have a . zig-zag. orientation when they are in their most straight orientation. Alkanes. Chem. 108. Chapter 2. 1. 2. General Molecular Formula of Hydrocarbons. (Homologous Series) . C. n. H. 2n+2 . Saturated. Alkanes. (containing. a single ring). . C. n. H. 2n . Cycloalkanes. Sources . and Uses of Alkanes. Petro. leum. , which literally means . rock . oil. is the main source of alkanes. Petroleum is a mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons, mostly alkanes with varying numbers of carbons and varying degrees of branching. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry. Organic Chemistry I. S. Imbriglio. Functional Groups. A . functional group. . is a group of atoms within a molecule that has a . ___________________________.. The different uses of alkane compounds result from their physical properties, including their solubility and density.. The solid alkanes that make up waxy coatings on fruits and vegetables help retain moisture, inhibit mold, and enhance appearance.. Conformational and Geometrical Isomerism. Hydrocarbons. . are . compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. . There are three main classes of hydrocarbons, based on the types of carbon–carbon bonds present. . The Structure of Alkanes. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds. Alkyl groups. Numbering the parent carbon chain. The root name is that of the longest continuous carbon chain (. parent carbon chain. ) . Groups attached to the main chain are called . Alkanes-. Alkenes-. Alkynes-. Cycloalkanes- . alkanes in which all or some of the carbon atoms are arranged in rings. General Formulas. Alkanes- C. n. H. 2n 2. Alkenes- C. n. H. 2n. Alkynes- C. n. H. Chapter 12 Lecture Outline Prepared by Harpreet Malhotra Florida State College at Jacksonville 12.1 Introduction (1) Alkanes are hydrocarbons having only C–C and C–H single bonds . Alkanes that contain chains of C atoms but 12.1 Organic and Inorganic Compounds Organic vs. Inorganic • Organic chemistry : Study of hydrocarbons (only carbon and hydrogen atoms) and their various derivatives. – Examples: natural gas, pe structures. . Arrow formalism & . m. olecular framework. Introduction to alkanes. . Isomers. . IUPAC naming of alkanes. . Alkyl halides & cycloalkanes. Functional groups: where the action is.