PPT-12.4 Properties of Alkanes

The different uses of alkane compounds result from their physical properties including their solubility and density The solid alkanes that make up waxy coatings on fruits and vegetables help retain moisture inhibit mold and enhance appearance. 1 Chemical Tests for Alkanes, Alkenes, and Aromatic Compounds Introduction There are four types of hydrocarbons : alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds, each type with different chemical Hydrocarbons. Alkanes-. Alkenes-. Alkynes-. Cycloalkanes- . alkanes in which all or some of the carbon atoms are arranged in rings. General Formulas. Alkanes- C. n. H. 2n+2. Alkenes- C. n. H. 2n. Alkynes- C. Alkanes: Nomenclature, Conformational Analysis, and an Introduction to Synthesis. Shapes of Alkanes. “Straight-chain” alkanes have a . zig-zag. orientation when they are in their most straight orientation. Hydrocarbons are composed, as their name suggests mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms, though some types have oxygen, nitrogen or . sulphur. atoms. . Hydrocarbons are divided into two groups, . Aliphatics. Alkanes. 240 . Chem. Chapter 2. 1. Hydrocarbons. 2. General Molecular Formula of Hydrocarbons. (Homologous Series) . 3. Carbon . Name . Molecular. Formula . Structural. Formula . 1. Methane . CH. 4. ALkanes. Chapter 10.2:. Structure, bonding and chemical reactions involving functional group inter-conversions are key strands in organic chemistry. Chapter 20.1:. Key organic reaction types include nucleophilic substitution, electrophilic addition, electrophilic substitution, and redox reactions. Reaction mechanisms vary and help in understanding the different types of reactions taking place.. Sources . and Uses of Alkanes. Petro. leum. , which literally means . rock . oil. is the main source of alkanes. Petroleum is a mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons, mostly alkanes with varying numbers of carbons and varying degrees of branching. Alkanes. Dr. . Shatha. I . Alaqeel. 1. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. Chapter one discusses the following topics and the student by the end of this chapter will:. . Know the classification of hydrocarbon. What is the relationship between the amounts of the alkanes in crude oil and their demand?. Can you think of a way of sorting this problem out?. Methane gas. Octane – found in the petrol fraction. Chemistry 11. Ms. McGrath. Classifying Hydrocarbons. Please copy the concept map on page 331 of your textbook.. Hydrocarbons. Consists of . linear. (as opposed to forming rings of carbon atoms) chains of carbon atoms.. When an alkane has four or more carbon atoms, the atoms can be arranged so that a side group called a . branch . or. . substituent. . . is attached to a carbon chain.. Learning Goal . . Write the IUPAC names for alkanes with substituents and draw their condensed and line-angle structural formulas. . Conformational and Geometrical Isomerism. Hydrocarbons. . are . compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. . There are three main classes of hydrocarbons, based on the types of carbon–carbon bonds present. . Fourth Edition. Karen Timberlake. 11.1. Organic Compounds. Chapter 11. Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.. Lectures. Organic Compounds. An . organic compound . Hydrocarbon: . A compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen.. Saturated hydrocarbon: . A hydrocarbon containing only single bonds.. Alkane:. A saturated hydrocarbon whose carbons are arranged in a open chain..