PPT-12.3 Alkanes with Substituents

When an alkane has four or more carbon atoms the atoms can be arranged so that a side group called a branch or substituent is attached to a carbon chain Learning Goal Write the IUPAC names for alkanes with substituents and draw their condensed and lineangle structural formulas . brPage 1br Cl Bulkier substituents on the terminal amine Substituents on the aromatic ring selected from in silico profiling 4aminoquinoline necessary for food vacuole accumulation n123 1 Chemical Tests for Alkanes, Alkenes, and Aromatic Compounds Introduction There are four types of hydrocarbons : alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds, each type with different chemical Basic Structure and Nomenclature. Graphic: www.lab-initio.com. First Ten Alkanes. Formula. Name. Formula. Name. CH. 4. Methane. C. 6. H. 14. Hexane. C. 2. H. 6. Ethane. C. 7. H. 16. Heptane. C. 3. H. 16-3. Groups that donate electrons by resonance activate and direct ortho and para.. The groups –NH. 2. and –OH strongly activate the benzene ring.. Halogenations of aniline and phenol take place in the absence of a catalyst and are difficult to stop at single substitution.. Chapter 22.1 Hydrocarbons. Naming, Drawing, and Properties. They are all around us! . Gasoline, Fuels, and Kerosene are all example of hydrocarbons.. What two elements make up a hydrocarbon?. Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are composed, as their name suggests mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms, though some types have oxygen, nitrogen or . sulphur. atoms. . Hydrocarbons are divided into two groups, . Aliphatics. Alkanes. Chem. 108. Chapter 2. 1. 2. General Molecular Formula of Hydrocarbons. (Homologous Series) . C. n. H. 2n+2 . Saturated. Alkanes. (containing. a single ring). . C. n. H. 2n . Cycloalkanes. Straight chain alkanes will have symmetrical . electronegativities. so they will behave as non-polar molecules. Since ‘like dissolves like’ the alkanes will all be soluble in . eachother. However… since water is polar; alkanes will NOT dissolve in water… think of pouring oil on water. . What is the relationship between the amounts of the alkanes in crude oil and their demand?. Can you think of a way of sorting this problem out?. Methane gas. Octane – found in the petrol fraction. Spring 2014. McMurry. (8. th. ed.) sections . 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 7.3, 7.4, 9.1, 10.1, 15.1, 17.1,18.1, . 18.8, 19.1. , 20.1, 21.1, . 24.1, Appendix A. Nomenclature. The naming of organic molecules. The Structure of Alkanes. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds. Alkyl groups. Numbering the parent carbon chain. The root name is that of the longest continuous carbon chain (. parent carbon chain. ) . Groups attached to the main chain are called . Alkanes-. Alkenes-. Alkynes-. Cycloalkanes- . alkanes in which all or some of the carbon atoms are arranged in rings. General Formulas. Alkanes- C. n. H. 2n 2. Alkenes- C. n. H. 2n. Alkynes- C. n. H. Chapter 12 Lecture Outline Prepared by Harpreet Malhotra Florida State College at Jacksonville 12.1 Introduction (1) Alkanes are hydrocarbons having only C–C and C–H single bonds . Alkanes that contain chains of C atoms but structures. . Arrow formalism & . m. olecular framework. Introduction to alkanes. . Isomers. . IUPAC naming of alkanes. . Alkyl halides & cycloalkanes. Functional groups: where the action is.