Chapter 221 Hydrocarbons Naming Drawing and Properties They are all around us Gasoline Fuels and Kerosene are all example of hydrocarbons What two elements make up a hydrocarbon Hydrocarbons ID: 310477
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRYChapter 22.1 Hydrocarbons
Naming, Drawing, and PropertiesSlide2
They are all around us! Gasoline, Fuels, and Kerosene are all example of hydrocarbons.What two elements make up a hydrocarbon?
Hydrocarbons
The simplest organic compounds contain only carbon and hydrogen and are called
hydrocarbons.Slide3
Carbon has four valence electrons…Therefore, it can form a max of 4 single covalent bonds with hydrogen:
Using Carbon’s Lewis Dot Structure:Slide4
Get a glimpse of the staggering variety of hydrocarbon compounds.file:///D:/Chapter22/Section01/ChemASAP/dswmedia/rsc/asap1_chem05_cman2228.html
VideoSlide5
Formulas and Models for Methane and Ethane
Ball-and-stick model
Space-filling modelSlide6
An alkane
is a hydrocarbon in which there are only single covalent bonds.
The carbon atoms in an alkane can be arranged in a
straight chain
or in a chain that has branches.Next lesson, we will look at Alkenes and Alkynes too.AlkanesSlide7
Ethane is the simplest of the straight-chain alkanes, which contain any number of carbon atoms, one after the other, in a chain.
Straight Chained AlkenesSlide8
Above are the first 10 straight chained alkenes.
Draw the structural formulas for methane through pentane. Slide9
Hydrocarbons used as fuels.Slide10
Different ways to write the formulas of hydrocarbons.:
Do each type for
Pentane.Slide11
Get a ball and stick model kit. Construct a ball and stick model of methane. Show teacher.
Construct a ball and stick model of butane.
Question: How many covalent bonds are there in butane?
Class ActivitySlide12
An atom or group of atoms that can take the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule is called a substituent
.
Branched Chain AlkenesSlide13
A hydrocarbon substituent is called an alkyl group.
An alkane with one or more alkyl groups is called a
branched-chain alkane
.
Branched Chain Alkanes
Redraw with hydrogens…Slide14
1. Find the longest chain of carbons: Whether it is in a straight line or not. This will be the parent name 2. Number the carbons in the parent chain. Number them in a way where the substituents have the lowest numbers possible.
3. Add the number as a prefix
to
the
substituents name to identify the position. 4. Use word prefixes (di, tri, tetra, etc.) if a substituent is used more than once.5. List the names of substituents in alphabetical order. Ignore prefix names when alphabetizing.6. Use a comma to separate numbers. Use hyphens to separate numbers and words. Full name should contain no spaces.Naming Branched Chain AlkanesSlide15
Example:Slide16
PracticeSlide17
Distinguishing Parent Structure from SubstituentsClass ActivitySlide18
Draw a structure from a name.
Steps:
Find the root word ending in –
ane
in the hydrocarbon name. Then write the longest carbon chain to create the parent structure.
Number the carbons on the parent chain.
Identify the substituent groups. Attach to the appropriate number on parent chain.
Add hydrogen as needed.Slide19Slide20
4-ethyl-2,3,4-methyloctaneDraw the structureSlide21
LIKE DISSOLVES LIKEIn terms of: Polar and Non-Polar moleculesHydrocarbons are non-polar:
Can be dissolved by other non-polar compounds.
Will hydrocarbons dissolve in water? Why or why not?
Properties: SolubilitySlide22
Section Assessment 22.1 on page 701You can now complete: