Organic Chemistry The study of carbon-based compounds and their properties. - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Organic Chemistry

The study of carbon-based compounds and their properties.Slide2

Organic ChemistrySlide3

Organic ChemistrySlide4

Historically the distinction between inorganic and organic substances was based on whether or not they were produced by living systems. It was believed that some sort of “life force” was needed to synthesize them.

Organic ChemistrySlide5

In 1828, the German chemist Freidrich Wohler (1800-1882) prepared urea from the inorganic salt ammonium cyanate by simple heating.

NH

4

OCN

 H

2

N—C—NH

2

O

urea

however...Slide6

Hydrocarbons:

contain only hydrogen and carbon

Hydrocarbons

Aliphatic

Aromatic

Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Cyclic

Hydrocarbons can be divided into different types, depending on their bonding.Slide7

Naming Organic Molecules

Alkanes

- - Carbon chain, no double or triple bonds. All

single bonds

(saturated)

Alkenes

- - Carbon chain, contains

double bond

(s)

(unsaturated)

Alkynes

- - Carbon chain, contains

triple bond

(s) (unsaturated)Slide8

Naming Organic Molecules

There are two parts to the main name of each molecule…

prefix: tells the # of carbons in main chain or ring

suffix: tells the type of bonding in the chain or ringSlide9

Prefix:

indicates number of carbon atoms in the main chain or ring

meth-

eth-

prop-

but-

pent-

6 hex-

7 hept-

oct-

non-

dec-Slide10

Suffix:

indicates types of bonds present

Alkanes: (all single bonds) ___ -ane

Alkenes: (double bond) ___ -ene

Alkyne: (triple bond) ___ -yneSlide11

Saturated Hydrocarbons: the

ALKANES

:

chains of carbon connected by single bonds:

contain only single C-C bondsSlide12

Saturated v. Unsaturated fats

Saturated

with

H

Single bonds

are free to

rotate, so

these fats

can pack

tightly

(solid @

room temp)Slide13

Which one is saturated?Slide14

For a bit of a demonstration…Good Eats fat train analogy

Watch episode from 1:30 to 5:00Slide15

ALKANESSlide16

ALKANESSlide17

ALKANESpropane, C3H

8Slide18

ALKANESbutane, C4H

10Slide19

ALKANESpentane, C5H

12Slide20

ALKANEShexane, C6H

14Slide21

ALKANESoctane, C8H

18Slide22

Don’t write this example down, but watch to see where we’re going with this…Slide23

(Although you will be required to include the H’s if you take IB Chemistry)Slide24
Slide25
Slide26

“Normal” v. Branched“normal” hydrocarbons are straight chains; no branching

Branched-chain hydrocarbons – isomers of “normal” hydrocarbons; have same formula, but different structuresSlide27

n-butaneSlide28

2-methlypropaneSlide29

n-pentaneSlide30

2-methylbutaneSlide31

Are there any other pentane isomers?Slide32

Another branched alkane: 2,2-dimethylpentaneSlide33

cyclopentane

CycloalkanesSlide34

CycloalkanescyclobutaneSlide35

Cycloalkanes________________________

m

ethyl-

e

thyl-

1

2

3

3

2

1

green

or

red

?

-ethyl- -

methylcyclopentane

1

3Slide36

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: ALKENES – contain C-C double bonds

2-penteneSlide37

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: ALKENES – contain C-C double bonds

2,4-hexadieneSlide38

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: ALKYNES – contain C-C triple bonds

1-butyneSlide39

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: ALKYNES – contain C-C triple bonds

3-ethyl-1-pentyneSlide40

Aromatic Hydrocarbons:

benzene

– the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon; has a symmetrical ring structureSlide41

Aromatic Hydrocarbons:

benzene

– can be drawn like this…Slide42

Derivatives of benzene:

1-ethyl-2-methylbenzeneSlide43

Derivatives of benzene:

1,2-dimethyl-4-propylbenzeneSlide44

For your homework:

If a halogen is attached, use the following prefixes:

fluoro

-

chloro

-

bromo

- iodo-

(instead of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, etc.)