1949 1976 Outline GMDCCP Civil War 19461949 Recovery and Socialism 19491956 Rethinking the Soviet model 19561957 Great Leap Forward 19581961 Recovery amp growing elite division 19625 ID: 555071
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China under Mao Zedong1949 - 1976Slide2
OutlineGMD-CCP Civil War (1946-1949)
Recovery and Socialism (1949-1956)Rethinking the Soviet model (1956-1957)Great Leap Forward (1958-1961)
Recovery & growing elite division (1962-5)Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)Slide3
Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945)Slide4
Civil War (1946 – 1949)GMD: Guomindang (Nationalist Party)
Chiang Kai-shek (President)CCP: Chinese Communist Party
Mao ZedongSlide5
“War of Liberation”Slide6
Mao ZedongA revolution to remove “3 big mountains”imperialism
feudalismbureaucrat-capitalismA “United Front” of …workerspeasantspetty bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisieSlide7
People’s Republic of China
1949-10-01, PRC, BeijingChairman: Mao Zedong
5-Star Red FlagRepublic of China government retreated to TaiwanSlide8
Economic Reconstruction 1950sSoviet Union model and assistance
land reform (eliminate landlord class)heavy industry (state-owned enterprises)
First National People’s Congress (1954)PRC ConstitutionZhou Enlai
Premier
Foreign MinisterSlide9
Great Leap Forward (1958-1960)abandon the Soviet model of economic development
Soviet “scientific planning”mass mobilization
people’s communesSlide10
Great Leap Forward (1958-1960)unrealistic output targets
industryagricultural and human disasterSlide11
Growing Division (1962-1965)Mao Zedong vs. Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping
charismatic leadership vs. bureaucracySlide12
Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
commitment to revolution and “class struggle”power struggle to succeed Mao
Phase I: the rise and fall of “red guards”Phase II: the rise and fall of Lin BiaoPhase III: the rise and fall of the “Gang of Four”Slide13
Phase I: Red Guards (1966-69)Slide14
Phase I: Red Guards (1966-69)
Purge of party cadres
Liu Shaoqi and Deng XiaopingPurge of intellectualsSlide15
Phase II: Lin Biao (1969-71)the putative successor to Mao Zedongthe cult of personality around Mao
In 1971 Lin allegedly tried but failedto assassinate Maoto flee to Soviet Union (“9.13”)“9.13” eroded the credibilityof the entire leadership
of the Cultural RevolutionSlide16
Phase III: the “Gang of Four”1972 – 1976power struggle between
the radical “Gang of Four”, led by Jiang Qing, Mao’s wifethe “moderates”, led by Premier Zhou Enlaithe fate of Deng XiaopingSlide17
Diplomatic Breakthrough1971,
PRC became the representative of China in UN (replaced ROC)Slide18
Diplomatic Breakthrough1972, President Nixon visited BeijingSlide19
Mao and Zhou Died in 1976Turning point in China’s postwar era
“Gang of Four” were arrestedEnd of the Cultural RevolutionSlide20
Mao’s legaciesSlide21
Reforms and Opening up
The 3rd Plenum of the 11th CCP Central Committee in 1978
Deng Xiaoping’s ascendancy
economic modernization became focus
US-PRC diplomatic relations in 1979