Lectures amp presentations A little about you What disciplines do you work in What tools do you use to search for images How do you look for images Do you start with a topic or a subject Do you want an image of a particular person ID: 573340
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DIGITAL IMAGES IN EDUCATIONLectures & presentationsSlide2
A little about youWhat disciplines do you work in?
What tools do you use to search for images?How do you look for images?
Do you start with a topic or a subject? Do you want an image of a particular person?Or do you have a specific work of art/photograph/image in mind?For what purpose?
Presentation? Article illustration? Book cover?Slide3
ResolutionResolution—usually expressed as the density of elements, such as pixels, within a specific area—is a term that many find
confusing.This is partly because the term can refer to several different things: screen resolution, monitor resolution,
printer resolution, capture resolution, optical resolution, interpolated resolution,
output resolution
, and so on. The confusion is exacerbated by the general adoption of the dpi (dots per inch) unit (which originated as a printing term) as a catchall measurement for all forms of resolution
.Slide4
ResolutionScreen resolution refers to the number of pixels shown on the entire screen of a computer monitor and may be more precisely described in pixels per inch (
ppi) than dots per inch (dpi) (ex. 3,000 x 2,000
ppi)(or for example: the new 27” iMac has a Retina 5K display of 5120 x 2880 ppi) – my old 27” iMac from 2010 is 2560 x 1440)
For more information on digital images see:
Getty Research Institute
Introduction to Imaging (2003)Slide5
File FormatsTIFF, or Tagged Image File Format, has many desirable properties for preservation purposes (archival, uncompressed)
The JPEG (Joint Photographers Experts Group) format is generally used for online presentation because its compression is extremely efficient while still giving acceptable image quality (compressed, lossy
)Use JPEG images for your presentations (TIFF’s will be too large)Slide6
Image SizeFor full-screen display (in PPT) the images should be
1024 x 768 ppiDo not choose a smaller image and try to make it larger (it will become pixelated and lose quality)
64 x 64
ppiSlide7
Image Quality and Size
432 x 317 pixels (193 kb)
Search: St. Peter’s domeSlide8
Image Quality and SizeSlide9
Image Quality and Size
Original size of this image: 3,264 x 2,448 pixels (also 5.5 MB !)Slide10
Image Quality and SizeYou can right click an image and select Get Info (Mac)
1024 x 629 pixelsSlide11Slide12Slide13
Finding ImagesSearch Engines
Web directoriesWeb sitesARTstorSlide14
Choosing Quality ImagesSlide15
Choosing Quality Images ??????What now?Choose Search tools and Select Large size imageSlide16
Choosing Quality Images ??????What now?Choose Search tools and Select Large size image
Compare results and Under Standard View, click Show SizesSlide17
Far right image – first row3336 x 4282 ppi(way larger than necessary)Slide18
Third row, second image x 960 ppi
Something wrong with image - splayed out…. Slide19
Search for Madame Cezanne in the ConservatorySlide20
Madame Cézanne in
the Conservatory(
Hortense Fiquet, 1850–1922)
Paul Cézanne
(
French, Aix-en-Provence
1839–1906
Aix-en-Provence
)
From a google image search
This is the full size (too
contrasty
and too small)
271 x 340
ppi
)Slide21
Madame Cézanne in
the Conservatory(
Hortense Fiquet, 1850–1922)
Paul Cézanne
(
French, Aix-en-Provence
1839–1906
Aix-en-Provence
)
Date: 1891
Medium
: Oil on canvas
Accession
Number: 61.101.2
From the Met. Museum site
(in
the
public domain)
3082 x 3071
ppiSlide22
The general image search engines are fine, as far as they go, and
some of them are even fun to play around with. But more often than not, the images you pull up this way are not
good enough for a
PPT
presentation, never mind for embedding in a paper or thesis, and
many
are
protected by copyright or licensing agreements
, which means
the
owners expect you to ask their permission prior to downloading and
using
those images in other ways.
While
this may not always be legally
necessary
, it is good scholarly manners to get in to the habit of, first,
making
note of where you find images; second, asking the content holder
whether
or not it is OK to use the images in the way you want; and third,
developing
the habit of citing your images in the same way you cite text quotes. Slide23
What does access mean?Different uses of the term “open access”Open access in the journal world: different levels, but can be understood as eliminating a
gatekeeperFor images, can mean:available to view onlineare free to
downloadare high resolutionfree to publish [what this presentation focuses on]Slide24
Terminology: licenses and codesIn many collections, you will find a mix of open and restricted images.
Terms to look for (examples to follow)Creative Commons licensesPublic Domain“For educational use only”
I encourage you to read the CAA Code of Best Practices in Fair Use in the Visual Arts
Image credit: http://www.collegeart.org/fair-use/Slide25
Code of Best Practices
in Fair Use for the Visual Arts
“FOUR FACTORS”
1. Purpose of the use
2. Kind of work used
3. Amount used
4. Effect on the marketSlide26
Public DomainSomething that is no longer protected by copyright law.The “commons”Tricky to figure out what is in the public domain, because it depends on country’s copyright laws
Also in the public domain: anything produced by an official of the United States government as part of their jobReal case scenario –
”Grab that image off the photographer’s web site” (??????)Slide27
Public DomainFor works produced in the US: generally, copyrighted works produced before 1923 since the term has expired. But it’s way more complicated:
See chart http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfmCopyright calculators:
http://www.librarycopyright.net/resources/digitalslider/http://librarycopyright.net/resources/genie/index.php?restart Europeana
calculator for some European countries:
http://outofcopyright.eu/calculators/
Slide28
Images Cleared for Scholarly Publishing
These images are rights-cleared for scholarly publications specifically.May be public domain or more recent images—not a whole lot of these, though
.
https://images.google.com
/
(Search Van Gogh Self-Portrait 1888)Slide29
Images Cleared for Scholarly PublishingSlide30
Artstor IAPhttp://support.artstor.org/?
article=images-for-academic-publishing
http://library.artstor.orgIn Artstor digital library, add “IAP” to your search
Yves Saint Laurent, Dress, fall/winter 1965-1966, wool. Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. William Rand, 1969 (C.I.69.23). Retrieved October 16, 2015: artstor.org.Slide31
IAP
How to search for IAP Images:
Please note: You must already have been given an IAP account or be affiliated with a subscribing institution
.
Go to
www.artstor.org
.
Click on
Enter Here
.
Login with your username and password
Use the
Keyword Search
and add
IAP
to your search criteria.
Click (the IAP icon ) to download a high resolution file for publication.
A
new window will open explaining the process. If you are eligible for the program, click
Proceed
.
In
the next window, click
Download
.
In the next window, review the
IAP Terms and Conditions of Use
.
You
may also print this window for reference with the print link at the end of the document.
Check
the box indicating that you have read and accept these terms before clicking
Continue
.
Provide the information requested in the space provided. Click
Download
.
Two windows will open. One warns this download will take some time.
The
other shows your computer’s directory, where you can choose a place to save this file and continue to download as usual.Slide32
Flickr Commons
https://
www.flickr.com/commonsThis is a collection of material from various cultural heritage institutions, including the Library of Congress.
Emphasis on historical photographs
Wright Brothers first flight,1903, photograph. San Diego Air and Space Museum. Retrieved October 19, 2015:
https://flic.kr/p/dk3eMD
Slide33
Creative Commonshttp://creativecommons.org/choose
/
http://search.creativecommons.org/
“
TWA Terminal
” by
Timothy Vogel
is licensed under
CC BY-NC 2.0Slide34
Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
By Illustration by
Casimir
Clayton Griswold (1834-1918), engraved by Samuel Valentine Hunt (1803-1893) [Public domain], via Wikimedia CommonsSlide35
Public Domain Sherpahttp://www.publicdomainsherpa.com/index.html
Slide36
Citing ImagesFollow guidelines in your chosen citation style to include an image citation in a bibliography
Citation manuals typically also include guidelines for captionsSlide37
Attributing imagesFor
attributions (like those given in this presentation), there is no set
rule.Elements you might include:
the creator of the work
the title of the work
the year(s) when it was composed/completed
the materials involved in creating the work
the institution that houses the
work,
including museum credit line
the date the image of the work was retrieved
the website from which the image of the work was retrieved (include a hyperlink if the format allows
).
(Adapted from: Karen Bucky,
Images: Finding, using, citing them.
Clark Institute. Retrieved October 16, 2015:
http
://
libguides.clarkart.edu/content.php?pid=483584&sid=4056569
)
Creative Commons also has guidelines on how to properly attribute CC-licensed images:
https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Best_practices_for_attributionSlide38
Need additional help?
Stop in the Visual Resources Center Gannett G-122Visit: www.ithaca.edu/hs/vrc
e-mail me: Randi Millman-Brown millman@ithaca.edu