Emerging Tensions between the - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Emerging

Tensions between the

B

ritish and the ColonistsSlide2

I. Emerging Tensions between British and Colonists

II. The French and Indian WarSlide3

Western Expansion

Mid-1700’s

colonial population increases (almost doubles in 25 years

)

Better birth rate

Rising immigration New England gets overcrowdedPeople migrate west Slide4

Native American and French

Reaction

Native

Americans were being forced father and farther west

Tribes fought with other tribes

Hatred grew towards the settlers Slide5

The French disliked the intrusion of the settlers

Strengthened forts on Ohio river and in Detroit

Prepared for warSlide6

The

French and Indian WarSlide7

Causes of the

War

A. Rivalry

between

Britain

and France 1. Fighting for land in North America

2. Different ideas on colonization in the New WorldB. The Seven Years’ War – Britain and France were already fighting, this was just another battlefield!Slide8

II. Fighting

the War

A. The

Albany

Plan of

Union (united colonies for defense UNDER BRITISH RULE! – rejected)B. British and Americans use militia forces

C. French use “Indian fighting”Slide9

III.

The War

Ends

A.

British overwhelm the

French and take all their land west of the Appalachians B. British siege and conquer Quebec C. Treaty of

Paris (1763)1. British get Canada and everything but New Orleans 2. British give Cuba to Spain in exchange for FloridaSlide10

IV. The War effects the colonists attitude toward Britain

A. Disappointment in British

military

power

B. Colonists felt

disrespected by the British Slide11

Part 2; Issues Behind the RevolutionSlide12

I. Changing British policies

A. Pontiac’s Rebellion leads to the

Proclamation of 1763

1. No settlements west of the

Appalachians

2. Attempt to end conflicts with the Native AmericansSlide13

B. Britain’s

financial problems lead to new taxes

1.

Sugar

Act (1764)2. Quartering Act (1765)3.

Stamp Act (1765)4. Declaratory Act (1766)Slide14

II. The Boston

Massacre

(1770)

A. British send troops to silence protests

B. Main British opposition is in

BostonC. British troops open fire on a crowd, five colonists die (Crispus Attucks

first to die)D. John Adams defends the British soldiers in court and winsSlide15

III. The

Tea

Act (1773)

A. Save the British East India Company from bankruptcy

B.

Boston Tea Party1. Ships loaded with tea not allowed to land 2. Colonists dressed like Indians dumped $10,000 worth of tea into Boston Harbor Slide16

IV.

Coercive

Acts (Intolerable Acts) of 1774

A. Took away power from colonial legislatures

B. Granted part of colonial lands to CanadaSlide17

C.

First Continental

Congress

Delegates from every colony except

Georgia

Renewed boycotts on British goodsColonies were requested to form militias

Delegates appeal to the king attempting to settle problemSlide18

Section 3; Ideas Behind the RevolutionSlide19

I. Ideas make a Revolution

A. John

Locke

1. Social Contract

2. People have a right to life, freedom, and property

3. People can overthrow a government when it becomes a threat to the people’s natural rights Slide20

B. Thomas

Paine

1.

Common

Sense

C. The EnlightenmentSlide21

II. The

Second Continental Congress

Convened in May 1775

B. Battles between those wanting Independence and those who do not

Wanting: Samuel Adams, John Adams, Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, Richard Henry Lee, etc.

Not wanting: John Dickinson (Olive Branch Petition) Slide22

III. Drafting a

Declaration of Independence

Committee: John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson

B. Thomas Jefferson drafts the Declaration primarily on his ownSlide23

C. Jefferson gets many of his ideas from

George Mason’s

Virginia Declaration of Rights

Slide24

IV. The Declaration of Independence (4 parts)

A.

Preamble

1. An Introduction

2. Explains the purposeSlide25

B.

Declaration of

Rights

1. Based on Locke’s ideas

2. Men have natural rights

3. Social ContractSlide26

C.

List of

Complaints

1. King George had violated the colonists rights

2. Government was based on law, not on the king’s desiresSlide27

D.

Resolution

1. What the colonies wanted

2. “These United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States . . .” Slide28

V. The Declaration is Adopted on

July 4, 1776Slide29

Fighting

for IndependenceSlide30

I. Fighting Begins

Lexington and Concord (April 19, 1775)

1.

The British try to seize the colonists weapons stockpile

2.

Paul Revere’s ride 3. Patrick Henry’s speech, “Give me liberty or . . . “Slide31

B.

Ethan Allen and Ft.

Ticonderoga

C. The Battle of Bunker Hill

1. The British attack Patriot strong positions

2. The Patriots are defeated despite heavy British losses (Pyrric victory)Slide32

II. George Washington takes control

He transforms the Patriot militia into the Colonial Army

Washington chases the British out of BostonSlide33

C.

Citizens take

sides

1.

One-third join the Patriots2. One-third stay loyal to the British (Loyalist or Tories)3. One-third attempt to remain neutralSlide34

III. Strengths and WeaknessesSlide35

A. British Strengths

1. Well-equipped, well-organized army

2. Best navy in the world

3. More allies (slaves, Native Americans, mercenaries, etc.)Slide36

B.

British

Weaknesses

1. Unpopular war at home

2. Fighting in hostile territorySlide37

C.

American

Strengths

1. Home field advantage

2. Defensive war

3. Fighting tactics learned in the French and Indian War4. George WashingtonSlide38

D.

American

Weaknesses

1. Creating an army from scratch

2. Army of volunteersSlide39

IV.

The War Continues

A. The British drive the Americans out of New York (Washington and troops barely escape)

B. American victories at Trenton and Princeton

C. The British capture Philadelphia Slide40

D.

An American victory at Saratoga is the turning point of the

war

E. European allies finally join the American cause (France, Spain, Netherlands, etc.)

1. France’s Marquis de Lafayette and Johann de Kalb help lead American forces

2. German general Baron Friedrich von Steuben helps train American troops Slide41

V. Who will win the war???Slide42

Winning

Independence

Americans

Endure Hardships

Valley Forge – harsh winter; lack of food/supplies; over 1/3 of soldiers had no coat or shoes

Financing the war – no moneyBritish blockade makes life hard for civilians tooProfiteering – colonists selling rare items at very high price!!Slide43

Victories in the West and

South

Americans

capture British forts in Indiana and Illinois (against mainly Native Americans)

Yorktown, Virginia

Washington and Lafayette join forces in a siege of YorktownFrench navy drive off the British navy and blockade the BritishGeneral Cornwallis surrenders to WashingtonSlide44

The Treaty of

Paris

Treaty

was signed four years after the end of fighting

Treaty provided six provisions:

Independence of the United StatesNorthern border of the U.S. was established (Canada)Mississippi River was western border Florida was returned to Spain (remember, it was gained during F&I war)

Britain would withdraw it’s troopsBritish loyalists would not be persecuted (yeah right)