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Intro to Medical Terminology Intro to Medical Terminology

Intro to Medical Terminology - PowerPoint Presentation

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Intro to Medical Terminology - PPT Presentation

Health Occupations T King Introduction to Word Parts Objectives Identify and define the four word parts Identify and define a combining form Analyze and define medical terms Build medical terms for given definitions ID: 242759

medical word combining root word medical root combining vowel suffix meaning term terms hepat means prefix parts part disease

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Slide1

Intro to Medical Terminology

Health Occupations

T. KingSlide2

Introduction to Word Parts

Objectives:

Identify and define the four word parts.

Identify and define a combining form.

Analyze and define medical terms.

Build medical terms for given definitions.Slide3

Origins of Medical Language

Medicine has a language of its own. Medical language, like the language of a people, also has a historic development.

Current medical vocabulary includes terms built from Greek and Latin word parts, some of which were used by Hippocrates and Aristotle more than 2400 years ago. Some terms are eponyms, some are acronyms, and some terms are from modern medical language.Slide4

Eponym

is a word based on the name of a person, such as Parkinson disease.

Parkinson disease is named after James Parkinson, English physician who first described the disease in 1817 as shaking palsy.

Parkinson disease a common neurologic disease believed to be caused by deterioration of the brain cells that produce dopamine, occurring primarily after the age of 60, characterized by tremors, especially of the fingers and hands, muscle rigidity, shuffling gait, slow speech, and a masklike facial expression.Slide5

Acronym

is a word formed from the first letters of the words in a set phrase, such as SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) or LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)

An example of a

Greek

medical term is hemorrhage (hemo- meaning blood and –rrhage meaning excessive flow; i.e. hemorrhage is excessive flow of blood)

An example of a

Latin

medical term is Femur. Femur or Femoris is Latin for thigh or thigh bone.

Nuclear medicine scanner is an example of

Modern Medical Language

.Slide6

With the advancement of medical and scientific knowledge, medical language changes. Some words are discarded, the meanings of others are altered, and new words are added.

The majority of medical terms in current use are composed of Greek and Latin word parts.

These terms can be learned by two ways:

1. Memorizing medical terms. (Monotonous

)

2. Learning word parts and how they fit together to form medical terms. (Easier

)Slide7

Learning word parts and how they fit together provides the key to learning scores of medical terms.

Therefore the word part method is used to learn terms composed of word parts.

The memorization method is used to learn other terms not built from word parts, such as Alzheimer disease or coronary artery bypass graft.Slide8

The Four Word Parts

Most medical terms built from word parts consist of some or all of the following components:

1. WORD ROOTS

2. SUFFIXES

3. PREFIXES

4. COMBINING VOWELSSlide9

Word Root

The word root is the word part that is the core of the word.

The word root contains the fundamental meaning of the word

Since the word root is the core of the word, each medical term contains one or more word roots.Slide10

Examples of Word Roots

Play/er; In this word,

play

is the word root.

Arthr/itis; In this medical term,

arthr

(which means

joint

) is the word root.

Hepat/itis; In this medical term,

hepat

(which means

liver

) is the word root.

Complete the following: A word root is…

The word part that is the core of the word.Slide11

Suffix

The suffix is a word part attached to the end of the word root to modify its meaning.

The suffix frequently indicates a procedure, condition, or disease such as

–scopy, meaning visual examination (procedure)

–tomy, meaning surgical incision (procedure)

-itis, meaning inflammation (condition)

-oma, meaning tumor (disease)Slide12

Suffix Examples

The suffix is used to modify the meaning of a word. Most medical terms have a suffix.

Play/er in this word,

-er

is the suffix.

Hepat/ic in this medical term,

-ic

(which means

pertaining to

) is the suffix.

Hepat

is the word root for

liver

; therefore

hepatic

means

pertaining to the liver

.

Hepat/itis in this medical term,

-itis

(which means

inflammation

) is the suffix.

The term

hepatitis

means

inflammation of the liver

.Slide13

Complete the following: The suffix is…

The word part attached to the end of the word root to modify its meaning.Slide14

Prefix

The prefix is a word part attached to the beginning of a word root to modify its meaning.

Although a prefix can be used to modify the meaning of a word, many medical terms do not have a prefix.

Prefixes can indicate;

A number such as bi-, meaning two.

A position, such as sub-, meaning under.

A direction, such as intra-, meaning within.

Time, such as brady-, meaning slow

Negation, such as a-, meaning withoutSlide15

Prefix Examples

Re/play In this word,

re-

is the prefix.

Sub/hepat/ic In this medical term,

sub-

(which means

under

) is the prefix.

What does the term

Subhepatic

mean?

Subhepatic means

pertaining to under the liver

.

Intra/ven/ous In this word,

intra-

(which means

within

) is the prefix.

Identify the word root in the medical term

Intravenous

.

The word root is

ven,

which means

vein.Slide16

What is the suffix in the word intravenous?

The suffix is

–ous

, which means

pertaining to

.

So what does the word

intravenous

mean?

Intravenous means

pertaining to within the vein

.

Complete the following; The prefix is…

The word part attached to the beginning of a word root to modify its meaning.Slide17

Combining Vowel

The combining vowel is a word part, usually an o, used to ease pronunciation.

The combining vowel is:

Used to connect two word roots.

Used to connect a word root and a suffix.

Not used to connect a prefix and a word root.Slide18

Examples of Combining Vowels

In the word men/o/pause

O is the combining vowel used between two word roots

In the medical term arthr/o/pathy

O is the combining vowel used between the word root arthr and the suffix –pathy (which means disease).

In the medical term sub/hepat/ic

The combining vowel is not used between the prefix sub- and the word root hepat.Slide19

Guidelines for Using Combining Vowels

Guideline #1

: When connecting a word root and a suffix, a combining vowel

IS USED

if the

suffix DOES NOT begin with a vowel

.

Guideline #1 Example

In the medical term arthr/o/pathy the suffix

–pathy

does not begin with a vowel; therefore a combining vowel is used.Slide20

Guideline #2

: When connecting a word root and a suffix, a combining vowel is

USUALLY NOT USED

if the

suffix DOES BEGIN with a vowel

.

Guideline #2 Example

:

In the medical term hepat/ic, the suffix

-ic

begins with the vowel

i

; therefore a combining vowel is not used.Slide21

Guideline #3

: When connecting two word roots, a combining vowel is usually used even if vowels are present at the junction.

Guideline #3 Example

:

In the medical term oste/o/arthr/itis

o

is the combining vowel used, even though the word root

oste

(which means bone) ends with the vowel

e

, and the word root

arthr

begins with the vowel

a

.Slide22

Guideline #4

: When connecting a prefix and a word root, a combining vowel is not used.

Guideline #4 Example

:

In the medical term sub/hepat/ic, the combining vowel is not used between the prefix

sub-

and the word root

hepat

.

*The combining vowel is used to ease pronunciation;

therefore not all medical terms have combing vowels.Slide23

Combining Form

A combining form is a word root with the combining vowel attached, separated by a vertical slash.

Examples

arthr/o

oste/o

ven/o

The combining form is not a word part per se; rather it is the word root and the combining vowel. Slide24

Summary

Word root

- core of a word; for example,

hepat

Suffix

- attached at the end of a word root to modify its meaning; for example,

-ic

.

Prefix

- attached at the beginning of a word to modify its meaning; for example,

Sub-

Combining Vowel

- usually an o used between two word roots or a word root and a suffix to ease pronunciation; for example

hepat o pathy

Combining form

- word root plus combining vowel separated by a vertical slash; for example,

hepat/o.Slide25

HAPPY MEDICAL TERM BUILDING

THE END